Table 1 Subject characteristics.
Healthy volunteers and CHF patients groups | Healthy volunteers | Without pulmonary edema | With pulmonary edema | Pulmonary edema mechanically ventilated |
|---|---|---|---|---|
N= | 16 | 10 | 13 | 10 |
Age (mean ± SD) | 49 ± 8.9 | 59.8 ± 19.4 | 59.5 ± 10.7 | 65.4 ± 11.9 |
Male | 15 (94%) | 8 (80%) | 9 (69%) | 3 (30%) |
Female | 1 (6%) | 2 (20%) | 4 (31%) | 7 (70%) |
Etiology | ||||
Hypertension | 0 | 2 (20%) | 7 (54%) | 3 (30%) |
Ischemic heart disease | 0 | 5 (50%) | 6 (46%) | 6 (60%) |
Not specified | 0 | 3 (30%) | 0 | 1 (10%) |
Chest x-ray findings | ||||
Normal | 16 (100%) | 10 (100%) | 0 | 0 |
Cardiomegaly | 0 | 0 | 13 (100%) | 10(100%) |
Pulmonary edema | 0 | 0 | 13 (100%) | 10 (100%) |
Pleural effusion | 0 | 0 | 3 (23%) | 8 (80%) |
Echocardiograph | ||||
Cardiomegaly | N/A | 0 | 9 (69%) | 10(100%) |
LVEF < 40% | N/A | 4 (40%) | 10 (77%) | 9(90%) |
LV diastolic dysfunction | N/A | 0 | 3 (23%) | 2(20%) |
Brain natriuretic peptide | ||||
Normal (=< 100 ng/L) | 0 | 0 | 1(8%) | 0 |
Elevated (>100 ng/L) | 0 | 10 (100%) | 8(62%) | 2(20%) |
N/A | 16 (100%) | 0 | 4 (30%) | 8 (80%) |