Advanced medical life support procedures in vitally compromised children by a helicopter emergency medical service

Table 4 Pre-hospital medical procedures

Restricted to HEMS		HEMS more experienced	HEMS	EMS
	n		n	n
Hypnotics*	147	Unsuccessful endotracheal intubation^®	0	20
Muscle relaxants#	146	Successful endotracheal intubation^®	214	66
Chest tube	5	Peripheral venous canula	272	304
Central venous line	12	Intraosseous access	68	31
Hypertonic fluid&	104	Intraosseous access and CPR	19	27
Antibiotics∀	26	Pain management**	149	45
Physician transfer	376	Medication for ALS⊥	109	28
Venous cutdown	2
Total	818		831	521

*Hypnomidate, midazolam, propofol, s-ketamine (hypnotic dose)
#Suxamethonium, rocuronium
&Mannitol, hyperhaes
∀ Cefazolin, ceftriaxon
**Fentanyl, Alfentanyl, locoregional anaesthesia, s-ketamine (analgetic dose)
⊥ Amiodarone, atropine, dobutamine, epinephrine
^® Successful versus unsuccessful endotracheal intubation: Pearson chi square p < 0.05

ISSN: 1471-227X