Table 3 Patient's condition on the admission and treatment-related factors of favorable and unfavorable outcomes among adult patients treated in comprehensive specialized hospitals of Amhara regional state, Ethiopia 2021 (n = 483)

Mechanism of injury

Road traffic accident

109(22.5%)

72(15%)

181(37.5%)

Assault

83(17.2%)

34(7%)

117(24.2%)

Fall down

56(11.6%)

33(6.8%)

89(18.4%)

Others

65(13.5%)

31(6.4%)

96(19.9%)

Time to arrival

 < 1 Hour

95(19.6%)

33(6.9%)

128(26.8%)

1–4 Hours

61(12.6%)

45(9.3%)

106(21.9%)

4–24 Hours

76(15.7%)

41(8.5%)

117(24.2%)

 > 24 Hours

81(16.8%)

51(10.5%)

132(27.3%)

GCS on admission

 < 8

91(20.2%)

58(15.8%)

149(30.8%)

9–12

98(18.8%)

76(12%)

174(36%)

13–15

124(25.7%)

36(7.4%)

160(33.1%)

Additional injury

Yes

151(31.3%)

99(20.5%)

250(51.8%)

No

162(33.5%)

71(14.7%)

233(48.2%)

Type of additional injury

Maxillofacial

49(19.6%)

37(14.8%)

86(34.4%)

Chest injury

37(14.8%)

25(10%)

62(24.8%)

Abdominal injury

36(14.4%)

22(8.8%)

58(23.2%)

Pelvic injury

12(4.8%)

8(3.2%)

20(8%)

Polytrauma

17(6.8%)

7(2.8%)

24(9.6%)

Blood pressure on admission

Normal

135(28%)

49(10.1%)

184(38.1%)

Hypertension

76(15.8%)

50(10.3%)

126(26.1%)

Hypotension

102(21%)

71(14.7%)

173(35.8%)

Intervention taken

Conservative management

169(35%)

77(15.9%)

246(50.9%)

Surgery

80(16.6%)

56(11.6%)

136(28.2%)

Both

64(13.2%)

37(7.7%)

101(20.9%)

Steroidal

No

265(55%)

148(30.5%)

413(85.5%)

Yes

48(10%)

22(4.5%)

70(14.5%)

O₂ saturation

Normal

215(44.5%)

77(16%)

292(60.5%)

Hypoxia

98(20.2%)

93(19.3%)

191(39.5%)

Respiratory rate on admission

12–20

155(32%)

38(8%)

193(40%)

 > 12

82(17%)

65(13.4%)

147(30.4%)

 < 12

76(15.7%)

67(13.9%)

143(29.6%)

Pulse rate on admission

60–100

146(30.3%)

70(14.4%)

216(44.7%)

 > 100

78(16.1%)

47(9.8%)

125(25.9%)

 < 60

89(18.4%)

53(11%)

142(29.4%)