Table 1 Population characteristics. Results were expressed as mean and standard deviation or as median and interquartile range for quantitative parameters depending on distribution, and as an absolute value and percentage for qualitative parameters. The p-value corresponds to the comparison between deceased and living patients

Demographics

Age (years)

69 ± 15

68 ± 15

73 ± 14

< 10^− 3

Male gender

341 (64%)

243 (66%)

98 (60%)

0.141

BMI (kg.m^− 2)

27.8 ± 37.5

29.3 ± 44.9

24.3 ± 6.2

0.038

Hypertension

230 (43%)

159 (43%)

71 (43%)

0.974

Chronic cardiac failure

134 (25%)

74 (20%)

60 (37%)

< 10^− 3

Coronary heart failure

104 (20%)

64 (17%)

40 (24%)

0.065

Diabetes Mellitus

151 (28%)

109 (30%)

42 (26%)

0.326

Cancer history

186 (35%)

116 (32%)

70 (43%)

0.015

COPD

79 (15%)

49 (13%)

30 (18%)

0.144

Chronic Renal Failure

75 (14%)

45 (12%)

30 (18%)

0.069

Immunosuppression

189 (36%)

120 (33%)

69 (42%)

0.040

Prehospital

Initial SBP (mmHg)

97 ± 30

99 ± 30

93 ± 30

0.056

Initial DBP (mmHg)

58 ± 19

59 ± 19

55 ± 20

0.069

iPP (mmHg)

39 ± 17

40 ± 17

38 ± 18

0.200

iPP < 40mmHg

292 (55%)

198 (54%)

94 (57%)

0.491

Initial MAP (mmHg)

71 ± 22

72 ± 22

68 ± 22

0.064

Initial HR (beats.min^− 1)

114 ± 28

115 ± 28

113 ± 31

0.463

Initial RR (movements.min^− 1)

30 [22–36]

28 [22–35]

31 [25–38]

0.007

Initial pulse oximetry (%)

92 [85–96]

93 [87–96]

90 [83–95]

0.006

Initial body core temperature (°C)

38.3 [36.5–39.1]

38.4 [36.8–39.3]

38.1 [36.0–39.0]

0.018

Initial Glasgow coma scale

15 [12–15]

15 [13–15]

14 [11–15]

0.002

Initial blood lactate (mmol.l^− 1)

5.8 ± 3.4

5.7 ± 3.3

6.3 ± 3.6

0.071

Fluid expansion (ml)

750 [500–100]

750 [500–1000]

750 [500–1000]

0.523

Norepinephrine administration

155 (29%)

104 (28%)

51 (31%)

0.530

Prehospital AB administration

132 (25%)

97 (27%)

35 (21%)

0.205

Prehospital duration (min)

71 ± 34

69 ± 33

74 ± 35

0.111

Final SBP (mmHg)

106 ± 25

109 ± 25

100 ± 24

< 10^− 3

Final DBP (mmHg)

62 ± 18

63 ± 18

60 ± 10

0.058

dPP (mmHg.min^− 1)

0.07 ± 0.39

0.08 ± 0.39

0.02 ± 0.41

0.100

Final MAP (mmHg)

77 ± 19

78 ± 19

74 ± 19

0.040

Final HR (beats.min^− 1)

107 ± 25

107 ± 25

109 ± 25

0.396

Final RR (movements.min^− 1)

25 [19–30]

24 [18–30]

26 [20–34]

0.011

Final pulse oximetry (%)

97 [94–99]

97 [95–99]

97 [93–98]

< 10^− 3

Final body core temperature (°C)

38.1 [36.2–39.3]

38.0 [36.9–39.1]

38.9 [35.9–39.6]

0.041

Final Glasgow coma scale

15 [14–15]

15 [14–15]

14 [12–15]

< 10^− 3

Final blood lactate (mmol.l^− 1)

4.2 ± 3.3

3.5 ± 2.8

5.7 ± 3.8

< 10^− 3

Hospital

SOFA score

6 [3–9]

5 [3–8]

7 [4–10]

< 10^− 3

In-ICU length of stay (days)

4 [2–8]

4 [2–9]

3 [1–7]

0.007

In-hospital length of stay (days)

10 [5–18]

13 [8–21]

5 [2–11]

< 10^− 3