Fig. 2From: Association between independent practice time and patient outcomes in the emergency department: a retrospective study of residents in three urban hospitals in TaiwanStudy flow diagram. Our study began with all patient visits registered in the iMD from August 2015 to July 2019. We targeted patients accessing healthcare via the emergency department. For multiple visits within 24 hours, only the first record was analyzed. We excluded patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrests, those initially seen by an attending physician, and those with typos in their vital signsBack to article page