Table 4 Univariate logistic regression analysis of factors associated with serious abdominal conditions

Sex: male

1.74

1.07–2.82

0.024

Curren000t medication

 Beta–blocker use

1.8

1.07–3.03

0.028

History of abdominal surgery

2.34

1.38–3.96

0.002

Associated symptoms

 Fever

4.45

2.49–7.95

< 0.001

 Nausea or vomiting

1.69

1.04–2.74

0.033

 Hematemesis

32.8

2.94–366.13

0.005

 Diarrhea

1.88

1.02–3.46

0.004

 Anorexia

2.81

1.59–4.94

< 0.001

NEWS score

 5–6

5.91

3.13–11.18

< 0.001

 ≥ 7

15.18

5.55–41.53

< 0.001

ESI triage levels

 1–2

16.55

3.87–70.75

< 0.001

 3

4

0.96–16.7

0.057

 4–5

ref

ref

ref

Vital signs

 SBP 100–125 mmHg

2.28

1.28–4.07

0.005

 RR ≥ 25/min

2.89

1.73–4.82

< 0.001

Abdominal signs

 Abdominal distention

1.74

1.03–2.93

0.039

 Tenderness

2.09

1.11–3.94

0.022

  RLQ tenderness

4.74

2.75–8.17

< 0.001

  LLQ tenderness

3.38

1.21–9.46

0.02

  Epigastrium tenderness

2.75

1.23–6.16

0.014

 Bowel sounds

  Hypoactive

4.48

2.12–9.47

< 0.001

  Hyperactive

1.23

0.64–2.36

0.535

 Guarding

10.68

5.76–19.8

< 0.001

Investigations

 WBC 12,000–14,000 (cells/mm³)

1.48

0.71–3.08

0.301

 WBC ≥ 14,000 (cells/mm³)

2.6

1.43–4.72

0.002

 RDW ≥ 13 (%)

1.35

0.75–2.44

0.302

 MPV ≤ 10.4

1.05

0.6–1.84

0.867

 Lactate 2–4 (mmol/L)

2.45

0.99–6.03

0.051

 Lactate ≥ 4 (mmol/L)

5.39

1.01–28.84

0.049

EDLOS (hours)

 4–8

7.77

4.23–14.27

< 0.001

 ≥ 8

15.13

6.1–37.54

< 0.001