Table 6 Treatments and clinical courses for earthquake victims
Characteristics | 7-day mortality | Duration under the rubble | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
All patients (n=62) | Survivor (n=54) | Nonsurvivor (n=8) | p-value | ≤72 hours (n=48) | >72 hours (n=14) | p- value | |
n (%) or median (Q1-Q3) | |||||||
Isotonic saline | 62(100) | 54(100) | 8(100) | 48(100) | 14(100) | ||
5% dextrose | 46(74.2) | 40(74.1) | 6(75) | 1.000 | 34(70.8) | 12(85.7) | 0.322 |
Human serum albumin | 37(59.7) | 36(66.7) | 1(12.5) | 27(56.3) | 10(71.4) | 0.308 | |
Blood transfusions | 45(72.6) | 42(77.8) | 3(37.5) | 36(75) | 9(64.3) | 0.502 | |
Packed red blood cells | 42(67.7) | 40(74.1) | 2(25) | 34(70.8) | 8(57.1) | 0.349 | |
Platelet transfusions | 9(14.5) | 9(16.7) | 8(16.7) | 1(7.1) | |||
Fresh frosen plasma | 7(11.3) | 6(11.1) | 1(12.5) | 5(10.4) | 2(14.3) | ||
Cryoprecipitate | 1(1.6) | 1(12.5) | 1(2.1) | ||||
Fluid input | 4.8(3.1-5.8) | 4.8(3-5.7) | 5.6(4.5-9) | 0.143 | 4.7(2.9-5.6) | 4.8(3.7-6.4) | 0.370 |
Urine output | 1.8(0.3-2.6) | 1.8(0.4-2.9) | 0.4(0.2-1.9) | 0.053 | 1.8(0.2-2.6) | 1.9(1.9-3.1) | 0.220 |
Renal replacement therapy | 40(64.5) | 38(70.4) | 2(25) | 0.019 | 33(68.8) | 7(50) | 0.219 |
Furosemide | 44(71) | 43(79.6) | 1(12.5) | 35(72.9) | 9(64.3) | 0.524 | |
Intravenous nitroglycerin | 14(22.6) | 14(25.9) | 11(22.9) | 3(21.4) | 1.000 | ||
Vasopressor | 24(38.7) | 16(29.6) | 8(100) | <0.001 | 17(35.4) | 7(50) | 0.324 |
Inotropic agent | 12(19.4) | 8(14.8) | 4(50) | 0.039 | 7(14.6) | 5(35.7) | 0.121 |
Anticoagulant therapy | 38(61.3) | 36(66.7) | 2(25) | 31(64.5) | 7(50) | 0.324 | |
Sedation | 30(48.4) | 22(40.7) | 8(100) | 0.002 | 23(47.9) | 7(50) | 0.891 |
Analgesia | 61(98.4) | 53(98.1) | 8(100) | 1.000 | 47(97.9) | 14(100) | 1.000 |
Sympathetic nerve blocks | 3(4.8) | 1(1.9) | 2(25) | 3(6.3) | |||
Oxygen therapy on ICU admission | |||||||
No | 9(14.5) | 9(16.7) | 6(12.5) | 3(21.4) | |||
Nasal cannula | 18(29) | 18(33.3) | 15(31.3) | 3(21.4) | |||
Mask with small diffuser | 3(4.8) | 3(5.6) | 3(6.3) | ||||
Nonrebreathing mask | 5(8.1) | 5(9.3) | 5(10.4) | ||||
High flow nasal cannula oxygen | 1(1.6) | 1(1.9) | 1(2.1) | ||||
Invasive mechanical ventilation | 26(41.9) | 18(33.3) | 8(100) | 18(37.5) | 8(57.1) | ||
Oxygen therapy during ICU | |||||||
High flow nasal cannula oxygen | 15(24.2) | 14(25.9) | 1(12.5) | 14(29.2) | 1(7.1) | ||
Noninvasive mechanical ventilation | 12(19.4) | 9(16.7) | 3(37.5) | 7(14.6) | 5(35.7) | 0.121 | |
Invasive mechanical ventilation | 26(41.9) | 20(37) | 6(75) | 0.059 | 18(35.7) | 8(57.1) | 0.190 |
Tube thoracostomy | 15(24.2) | 12(22.2) | 3(37.5) | 9(18.8) | 6(42.9) | 0.082 | |
Fasciotomy | 13(21) | 12(22.2) | 1(12.5) | 10(20.8) | 3(24.4) | ||
Amputation | 26(41.9) | 26(48.1) | 16(33.3) | 10(71.4) | 0.011 | ||
Trauma associated operation | 35(56.5) | 34(65) | 1(12.5) | 26(54.2) | 9(64.3) | 0.502 | |
ICU length of stay (days) | 5.5(2-1) | 7(3.8-11) | 1.5(1-2) | <0.001 | 5.5(2-10.8) | 5(2.8-9) | 0.776 |
Hospital length of stay (days) | 11(7.8-14) | 11(9-14) | 1.5(1-2) | <0.001 | 11(8-14) | 9(6.8-11) | 0.074 |
7-day mortality | 8(12.9) | 6(12.5) | 2(14.3) | ||||