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Table 2 EMS assessment, treatment, and outcome, n (%)

From: The non-conveyance of trauma patients in Swedish emergency medical services: a retrospective observational study of the trauma population not transported to an emergency department

 

All non-conveyed

Primary Care Referral

p-value1

ED

Visit

p-value1

Hospital

Admission

p-value1

Total

 

837 (100)

132 (100)

 

136 (100)

 

44 (100)

 

A-E

Assess-ment

No

156 (19)

26 (20)

0,140

26 (19)

0,733

9 (20)

0,772

Yes

662 (79)

106 (80)

 

106 (78)

 

35 (80)

 

Missing

19 (2)

0 (0)

 

4 (3)

 

0 (0)

 

Pain

No

436 (52)

52 (39)

0,005

50 (37)

< 0,001*

13 (30)

0,002

Yes

337 (40)

69 (52)

 

75 (55)

 

29 (66)

 

Missing

64 (8)

11 (8)

 

11 (8)

 

2 (5)

 

ESS Code

Adults

30 Head

218 (26)

1 (0,8)

< 0,001*2

34 (25)

0,007

9 (20)

< 0,001*2

31 Torso/Genitals

68 [8]

1 (0,8)

 

19 (14)

 

9 (20)

 

33 Upper Extremity

39 (5)

2 (2)

 

11 (8)

 

4 (9)

 

34 Lower Extremity

96 (11)

1 (0,8)

 

26 (19)

 

11 (25)

 

35 Burns etc.

18 (2)

0 (0)

 

2 (1)

 

0 (0)

 

36 Drowning

1 (0,1)

0 (0)

 

0 (0)

 

0 (0)

 

37 Eye

10 (1)

0 (0)

 

0 (0)

 

0 (0)

 

38 Trauma Algorithm

39 (5)

0 (0)

 

3 (2)

 

0 (0)

 

41 Animal bites/Stings

17 (2)

1 (0,8)

 

1 (0,7)

 

0 (0)

 

42 Assault/Sexual

10 (1)

34 (26)

 

2 (1)

 

2 (5)

 

53 Non-specific Symptoms

2 (0,2)

19 (14)

 

0 (0)

 

0 (0)

 

86 Self-harm

5 (0,6)

11 (8)

 

2 (0,7)

 

2 (5)

 

Children

130 Head

41 (5)

27 (20)

0,308

1 (0,7)

0,134

0 (0)

0,124

131 Torso/Genitals

6 (0,7)

2 (2)

 

1 (0,7)

 

1 (2)

 

133 Upper Extremity

5 (0,6)

0 (0)

 

2 (1)

 

0 (0)

 

134 Lower Extremity

5 (0,6)

0 (0)

 

1 (0,7)

 

0 (0)

 

135 Burns etc.

2 (0,2)

3 (2)

 

0 (0)

 

0 (0)

 

137 Eye

2 (0,2)

1 (0,8)

 

0 (0)

 

0 (0)

 

138 Trauma Algorithm

3 (0,4)

2 (2)

 

0 (0)

 

0 (0)

 

141 Animal bites/Stings

1 (0,1)

0 (0)

 

0 (0)

 

0 (0)

 

142 Assault/Sexual

1 (0,1)

1 (0,8)

 

1 (0,7)

 

0 (0)

 

Missing

248 (30)

18 (14)

 

30 (22)

 

6 (14)

 

RETTS priority

Red

1 (0,1)

0 (0)

< 0,001*

0 (0)

0,058

0 (0)

0,018

Orange

54 (6)

14 (11)

 

12 (9)

 

7 (16)

 

Yellow

118 (14)

29 (22)

 

26 (19)

 

7 (16)

 

Green

409 (49)

69 (52)

 

68 (50)

 

24 (55)

 

Missing

255 (30)

20 (15)

 

30 (22)

 

6 (14)

 

Treat-ment

Fracture stabilization

5 (0,6)

0 (0)

1,000

1 (0,7)

0,586

0 (0)

1,000

Pressure dressing

32 (4)

2 (2)

0,212

4 (3)

0,806

0 (0)

0,171

Medical treatment

114 (14)

18 (14)

1,000

22 (16)

0,338

6 (14)

1,000

 

Opiate

14 (2)

6 (5)

0,014

6 (4)

0,016

4 (9)

0,005

Non-opiate analgesics

34 (4)

8 (6)

0,649

14 (10)

0,005

4 (9)

0,133

Sedation

8 (1)

0 (0)

0,619

1 (0,7)

1,000

0 (0)

1,000

Oxygen

3 (0,4)

2 (2)

0,067

0 (0)

1,000

0 (0)

1,000

Infusion

3 (0,4)

3 (2)

0,004

1 (0,7)

0,411

1 (2)

0,150

Other

66 (8)

10 (8)

1,000

8 (6)

0,483

2 (5)

0,569

  1. 1p-value calculated using Fisher-Freeman-Halton Exact Test. Pearson Chi Square Test used for ESS Code calculation. p < 0,001 was considered statistically significant
  2. 2p < 0,001 holds true for adult population and total population