Table 5 Predictors of trauma recovery estimated by using Cox proportional hazard regression of study respondents at Dessie Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, North East Ethiopia, 2022

Sex

Male

200

83

1.13 (0.777–1.644)

0.384 (0.190–0.776)

0.008*

Female

32

14

Age

All

32.89 ± 13.91

0.998 (0.989–1.007)

1.002 (0.984–1.019)

0.861

Residency

Urban

107

43

1.018 (0.786–1.318)

0.749 (0.428–1.311)

0.312

Rural

125

54

Level of Consciousness

Alert

104

29

2.285 (1.549–3.371)

1.774 (0.638–4.930)

0.272

Verbally responsive

67

5

2.769 (1.815–4.224)

1.462 (0.545–3.924)

0.450

Responsive for pain

25

24

1.764 (1.044–2.981)

1.184 (0.350–4.00)

0.786

Unconsciousness

36

39

GCS

< = 8

11

41

9–12

106

25

4.186 (2.245–7.802)

2.498 (0.994–6.275)

0.051

13–15

115

31

3.862 (2.077–7.180)

2.563 (1.070–6.139)

0.035*

Previous trauma history

Yes

35

14

No

197

83

1.172 (0.814–1.686)

1.656 (0.821–3.337)

0.159

Comorbidities

Yes

11

4

No

221

93

1.259 (0.679–2.334)

1.045 (0.319–3.428)

0.942

Management given before admission

Yes

226

93

1.501 (0.667–3.381)

1.792 (0.539–5.95)

0.341

No

6

3

Complications present

Yes

62

39

No

170

58

1.294 (0.966–1.734)

0.826 (0.484–1.409)

0.483

Time taken for surgical management

< 24 h

169

69

3.082 (1.555–6.109)

3.841 (1.102–13.386)

0.035*

25–48 h

54

28

1.747 (0.860–3.549)

2.23 (0.609–8.157)

0.226

> 48 h

9

10

Intent of injury

Intentional

151

54

1.500 (1.137–1.978)

1.93 4 (1.03–3.632)

0.040*

Unintentional

81

43

Mode of transport

Ambulance

152

69

1.128 (0.386–1.128)

1.203 (0.7420–1.951)

0.453

Non-ambulance

80

28

Mechanisms of injury

RTA

43

28

0.808 (0.578–1.128)

2.166 (1.114–4.213)

0.023*

Non-RTA

189

69

Number of injured organs

Single

189

65

1.229 (0.878–1.721)

0.959 (0.481 1.910)

0.905

Multiple

43

32

Site of injury

Head

107

55

0.664 (0.483–0.914)

0.309 (.072–1.328)

0.114

extremity

26

15

0.515 (0.324–0.819)

0.335 (0.043–2.646)

0.300

Chest

60

8

Abdomen

34

14

0.835 (0.548–1.272)

0.209 (0.032–1.366)

0.102

Others

5

5

1.011 (0.405–2.525)

0.92 (0.65–2.043)

0.087

Types of TBI

Mild TBI

12

0

3.472 (1.650–7.308)

2.708 (1.095–6.698)

0.031*

Moderate TBI

70

22

3.546 (2.077–6.056)

2.253 (1.033–4.911)

0.041*

Sever TBI

27

31

Received MV

Yes

52

44

No

180

53

1.776 (1.297–2.432)

0.77 (0.396–1.500)

0.442

Type of investigations done

Clinical & Laboratory

16

4

1.205 (0.722–2.010)

0.709 (0.267–1.887)

0.491

Clinical and Imaging

28

20

0.953 (0.640–1.420)

0.479 (0.1851.237)

0.128

Clinical, Laboratory & imaging

188

73

Treatment given before ED

Yes

221

95

0.874 (0.476–1.603)

1.04 (0.294–3.686)

0.951

No

11

2