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Table 2 Reasons for acute behavioural disturbance (ABD) in the historical controls and patients with the new protocol

From: The impact of a standardised intramuscular sedation protocol for acute behavioural disturbance in the emergency department

Reason for ABD

Historical Controls

New Protocol

Alcohol intoxication

31 (42%)

14 (24%)

Deliberate self-harm

21 (28%)

20 (34%)

Deliberate self-harm and alcohol intoxication

9 (12%)

12 (21%)

Drug induced delirium/agitation*

9 (12%)

9 (15%)

Psychosis

0

2 (3%)

Personality disorder

0

1 (2%)

Drug withdrawal

0

0

Other (medical)

3 (4%)†

0

  1. * including amphetamines, olanzapine; † urinary tract infection, head injury and hepatic encephalopathy