Table 4 The factors associated with withholding and/or withdrawing decisions performed on 177 patients who died in ED in univariate analysis
Characteristics | WH/WD (n = 54) | No WH/WD (n = 123) | P |
|---|---|---|---|
Age, years (mean ± SD) | 57.7 ± 17 | 42.5 ± 15.6 | < 0.001 |
Gender | Â | Â | Â |
Male | 30(55.5) | 70(5.7) | 0.8 |
Female | 24(44.4) | 53(43.1) | Â |
Prior health condition: CCI | Â | Â | < 0.001 |
0 | 13 (24.1) | 76(61.8) | Â |
1 | 12 (22.2) | 33(26.8) | Â |
> 2 | 29 (53.7) | 14(11.4) | Â |
APACHE II | 20.3 ± 7.2 | 16 ± 7.2 | < 0.001 |
Acute medical disorders | Â | Â | 0.028 |
Cardiac | 10(18.5) | 39(31.7) | Â |
Respiratory | 6(11.1) | 9(7.3) | Â |
Neurological | 17(31.4) | 8(6.5) | Â |
Infectious | 6(11.1) | 24(19.5) | Â |
Metabolic | 3(5.5) | 12(9.7) | Â |
Digestive | 8(14.8) | 10(8.2) | Â |
Traumatic | 4(7.4) | 21(17.1) | Â |
Chronic underlying diseases | Â | Â | < 0.001 |
Heart failure | 21(38.9) | 14(11.4) | Â |
Chronic respiratory disease | 4(7.4) | 17(13.8) | Â |
Malignancy | 10(18.5) | 4(3.3) | Â |
Liver disease | 5(9.3) | 4(3.2) | Â |
Time interval from ED admission to death | 24[12-48] | 24[6-48] | 0.078 |