Skip to main content

Table 4 Estimated Effects of Admission Time, Patient and Hospital Characteristics on Log Duration of Emergency Department Visits

From: Duration of patients’ visits to the hospital emergency department

 

Linear Regression Models

Multilevel Model

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

Model 4

Parameters

Std. Errors

Parameters

Std. Errors

Parameters

Std. Errors

Parameters

Std. Errors

Admission Day 1

Visit was on Monday

0.045***

(0.002)

0.044***

(0.002)

0.045***

(0.002)

0.041***

(0.002)

Visit was on weekend

−0.057***

(0.002)

−0.059***

(0.002)

−0.056***

(0.001)

−0.055***

(0.001)

Patient Demographics Characteristics

Age

0.014***

(0.000)

0.015***

(0.000)

0.013***

(0.000)

0.013***

(0.000)

Age-squared

0.001***

(0.000)

0.001***

(0.000)

0.001***

(0.000)

0.001***

(0.000)

Female

0.049***

(0.002)

0.046***

(0.002)

0.035***

(0.001)

0.039***

(0.001)

White

0.077***

(0.004)

−0.031***

(0.004)

0.146***

(0.003)

0.137***

(0.003)

Black

0.107***

(0.005)

0.007

(0.005)

0.179***

(0.003)

0.165***

(0.003)

Hispanic

0.115***

(0.004)

0.013***

(0.004)

0.131***

(0.003)

0.122***

(0.003)

Asian

0.267***

(0.007)

0.162***

(0.007)

0.231***

(0.005)

0.222***

(0.005)

Medicare

0.103***

(0.004)

0.108***

(0.004)

0.149***

(0.003)

0.152***

(0.003)

Medicaid

−0.143***

(0.003)

−0.141***

(0.003)

0.094***

(0.002)

0.096***

(0.002)

Private

0.089***

(0.003)

0.101***

(0.003)

0.116***

(0.002)

0.119***

(0.002)

Self-paid

−0.149***

(0.004)

−0.146***

(0.004)

−0.037***

(0.003)

−0.036***

(0.003)

Hospital Characteristics

Teaching hospitals

0.146***

(0.002)

0.144***

(0.002)

.

.

0.125

(0.282)

For-profit hospitals

−0.596***

(0.002)

−0.599***

(0.002)

.

.

−0.318

(0.313)

Trauma Level 1 hospitals

0.418***

(0.003)

0.411***

(0.003)

.

.

0.557

(0.453)

Trauma Level 2 hospitals

−0.968***

(0.004)

−0.959***

(0.004)

.

.

−0.352

(0.634)

Trauma Level 3 hospitals

−0.731***

(0.004)

−0.728***

(0.004)

.

.

−0.693

(0.587)

Medium size hospitals2

−0.361***

(0.002)

−0.354***

(0.002)

.

.

−0.168

(0.308)

Large hospitals

−0.119***

(0.002)

−0.112***

(0.002)

.

.

0.041

(0.312)

Member hospitals

−0.312***

(0.002)

−0.307***

(0.002)

.

.

−0.322

(0.263)

Urban hospitals

0.095***

(0.003)

0.091***

(0.003)

.

.

0.207

(0.320)

Control for CCS codes3

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Control for admission hour4

No

Yes

Yes

No

Control for hospital5

No

No

Yes

 

Total number of visits

4,768,411

4,761,855

4,761,855

4,718,553

R-square

0.096

0.097

0.542

 

Inra-class correlation

.

.

 

0.565

  1. Note: Data include all treat-and-release discharges at emergency departments during 2008 in Arizona, Massachusetts, and Utah. Duration is measured in minutes as the difference between admission and discharge time for each visit.
  2. 1 The control group was the average of non-Monday workdays.
  3. 2 Further details about hospital bed sizes are available at http://www.hcup-us.ahrq.gov/db/vars/hosp_bedsize/nisnote.jsp.
  4. 3 Disease categories are based on Clinical Classification Software, which is a diagnosis and procedure categorization scheme based on the International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM).The HCUP SEDD do not differentiate between the primary diagnosis codes and other diagnosis codes. Therefore, we used all diagnosis codes reported for each visit when creating broader CCS disease categories.
  5. 4 We created dummy variables for each hour of the day.
  6. 5 We created dummy variables for each hospital.
  7. *** P<0.001; ** P<0.05; * P<0.10.
Back to article page

BMC Emergency Medicine

ISSN: 1471-227X

Contact us