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Table 2 Results from multivariate analyses (odds ratios) a (n = 616)

From: Over-prescribing of antibiotics and imaging in the management of uncomplicated URIs in emergency departments

 

Antibiotics

Imaging

URI type

  

  URI NOS (Referent)

  

  Nasopharyngitis, laryngitis, or influenza

0.434

0.517

  Bronchitis

11.333*

3.608*

  Multiple URI Dx

4.796*

1.017

Vital Signs at presentation

  

  Temperature > 100.4

2.777*

1.450

  Tachycardia

0.674

1.038

  SBP > 160 or DBP > 100

0.670

1.044

Characteristics of visit

  

  Moderate or severe pain

1.212

1.436

  Waiting time > 2 hrs

1.917*

1.116

  Not seen by a physician

1.348

0.589

  Season (Fall as referent)

  

    Spring

0.733

1.504

    Summer

0.718

1.508

    Winter

0.746

1.461

Demographics

  

  41-64 years of age (vs. 18–40)

1.432

2.300*

  Female

0.464*

1.326

  Race/ethnicity (Non-hispanic white as referent)

  

    Non-hispanic black

0.961

1.131

    Other races and ethnicities

1.012

1.119

Source of payment

  

  Private insurance

0.491

3.532*

  Medicare

0.356

2.982*

  Medicaid

0.715

2.303

  Self pay

0.558

1.618

  Other source of payment

0.597

2.557

Geographic location

  

  Metropolitan statistical areas

0.835

2.295*

  Region (Northeast as Referent)

  

    Midwest

1.101

1.044

    South

1.814

0.934

    West

0.773

0.754

  1. *: p < 0.05.
  2. a: Odds ratios are reported.