Table 4 Logistic regression of factors associated with ambulance use
From: Ambulance use in Pakistan: an analysis of surveillance data from emergency departments in Pakistan
Patient characteristics | Univariate regression | Multivariate regression | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unadjusted ORs | 95% Confidence interval | p-value | Adjusted ORs* | 95% Confidence interval | p-value | |
Gender | ||||||
Female | REF | REF | ||||
Male | 1.12 | 1.1, 1.2 | < 0.001 | 1.0 | 1.0, 1.1 | 0.5 |
Age groups | ||||||
> 45 years | REF | REF | ||||
< 5 years | 0.5 | 0.4, 0.6 | < 0.001 | 0.3 | 0.3, 0.4 | < 0.001 |
5 - 12 years | 0.5 | 0.4, 0.5 | < 0.001 | 0.3 | 0.3, 0.4 | < 0.001 |
13 - 18 years | 0.5 | 0.4, 0.5 | < 0.001 | 0.4 | 0.4, 0.5 | < 0.001 |
19 - 25 years | 0.5 | 0.4, 0.5 | < 0.001 | 0.4 | 0.4, 0.5 | < 0.001 |
26 - 45 years | 0.6 | 0.5, 0.6 | < 0.001 | 0.5 | 0.4, 0.5 | < 0.001 |
Cities | ||||||
Quetta | REF | REF | ||||
Karachi | 3.7 | 3.4, 4.0 | < 0.001 | 3.6 | 3.2, 4.1 | < 0.001 |
Lahore | 1.3 | 1.2, 1.4 | < 0.001 | 1.6 | 1.4, 1.8 | < 0.001 |
Rawalpind/Islamabad | 0.4 | 0.3, 0.4 | < 0.001 | 0.3 | 0.3, 0.4 | < 0.001 |
Peshawar | 1.1 | 1.0, 1.1 | 0.25 | 0.6 | 0.5, 0.7 | < 0.001 |
Hospital type | ||||||
Private | REF | REF | ||||
Public | 0.9 | 0.9, 1.0 | 0.35 | 2.3 | 2.1, 2.6 | < 0.001 |
Presenting complaint | ||||||
Non-injury | REF | REF | ||||
Injuries | 3.2 | 3.0, 3.3 | < 0.001 | 3.5 | 3.3, 3.7 | < 0.001 |
Disposition | ||||||
Discharged from ED | REF | REF | ||||
Admitted | 3.1 | 3.0, 3.3 | < 0.001 | 3.1 | 2.9, 3.3 | < 0.001 |
Death in ED | 6.7 | 5.9, 7.5 | < 0.001 | 7.2 | 6.2, 8.4 | < 0.001 |
Others** | 1.5 | 1.3, 1.7 | < 0.001 | 1.4 | 1.2, 1.6 | < 0.001 |