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Table 1 Study subjects

From: Prospective study of recovery from copperhead snake envenomation: an observational study

Characteristic

Number of subjects (n, %)

Enrolled subjects

20 (100%)

 Completed 28 days of study participation

20 (100%)

Sex

 

 Male (n, %)

10 (50%)

Age

 

 Age (years) (median, range)

37 (19–76)

 Aged ≥ 65 years

3 (15%)

Race and ethnicity

 

 White race

16 (80%)

 Black or African American race

4 (20%)

 Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

0 (0%)

Study site

 

 Duke University Medical Center (Durham, NC)

12 (60%)

 East Carolina University/Vidant Medical Center (Greenville, NC)

3 (15%)

 St. Joseph Regional Health Center (Bryan, TX)

3 (15%)

 Scott and White Memorial Hospital (Temple, TX)

1 (5%)

 University of Virginia (Charlottesville, VA)

1 (5%)

Envenomation location

 

 Upper extremity

10 (50%)

Envenomation severity at enrollment

 

 Mild

1 (5%)

 Moderate

16 (80%)

 Severe

3 (15%)

Treatment

 

 Treated with antivenom

15 (75%)

 Total antivenom dose (vials) (among patients receiving) (median, range)

14 (4, 24)

Duration of Hospitalization (hours) (median, range)

35.5 (5, 49)

  1. For the purposes of this study, envenomation severity was determined based on the number of major joints (wrist, elbow, ankle, knee) involved in limb swelling. Swelling that did not cross any major joints (e.g. confined to the hand) was defined as “mild.” Swelling that crossed one major joint (e.g. involving the hand and forearm) was defined as “moderate,” and swelling that crossed two major joints (e.g. from hand to upper arm) was defined as “severe”.