Use of the GlideScope®-Ranger for pre-hospital intubations by anaesthesia trained emergency physicians – an observational study

Table 2 Characteristic of the failed intubation during indirect laryngoscopy with the GlideScope® Ranger (Verathon Medical, Verathon Inc., Bothell, WA, USA)

Patient	Indication	DA expected prior to attempt ETT	Induction of anaesthesia	NMB	Number of laryngoscopy attempts with the GS-R	best C&L-Grade via GS-R	Intubation failed due to…	Rescue technique	C&L-Grade via DL
1	CPR	No	No	No	2	II	Proficiency	DL	II
2	Neuro	Yes^a	Yes	Yes	1	n.a.	Regurgitation / Secretion	ILMA	n.a.
3	CPR	No	No	No	3	n.a.	Regurgitation / Secretion	DL	I
4	PT	No	No	No	2	n.a.	Sun light	ILMA	n.a.
5	PT	No	Yes	Yes	2	n.a.	Regurgitation / Secretion	ILMA	n.a.
6	Others	Yes^b	No	No	3	n.a.	Regurgitation / Secretion	DL	II
7	CPR	No	No	No	1	n.a.	Regurgitation / Secretion	DL	II
8	CPR	Yes^c	No	No	1	n.a.	Regurgitation / Secretion	DL	II
9	TBI	No	Yes	Yes	1	I	Proficiency	ILMA	n.a.
10	CPR	No	No	No	1	n.a.	Regurgitation / Secretion	DL	II
11	CPR	Yes^d	No	No	1	II	Proficiency	ILMA	n.a.
12	TBI	No	Yes	Yes	1	n.a.	Sun light	DL	I
13	PT	Yes^e	Yes	Yes	1	n.a.	Regurgitation / Secretion	DL	I
14	PT	Yes	Yes	No	2	n.a.	Lack of NMB	DL (+NMB)	I
15	PT	Yes^f	Yes	Yes	2	I	Proficiency	DL	II
16	CPR	Yes^g	No	No	2	n.a.	Regurgitation / Secretion	DL	I
17	CRP	No	No	No	1	n.a.	Regurgitation / Secretion	DL	II
18	Other	Yes^h	Yes	Yes	1	III*	Regurgitation / Secretion	ILMA	n.a.
19	CPR	No	No	No	1	II	Proficiency	DL	m.v.

DA difficult airway, ETT endotracheal tube, PT polytrauma, TBI traumatic brain injury, CRP cardiopulmonary resuscitation, Neuro neurological disorders (e.g. ischemic, intracerebral bleeding), NMB neuromuscular block; ^aPosition of the patient; ^bmicrognathia and obesity; ^cknown massive regurgitation prior to attempt intubation, ^dmicrognathia; ^ecervical spine immobilisation and blood in the oral cavity; ^fshort neck, blood in the oral cavity; ^gshort neck and obesity; ^hno cervical spine movement due to anchylosing spondylitis; *best view achieved prior to regurgitation

ISSN: 1471-227X