| | |
Univariate
|
Multivariate
|
|---|
|
ED characteristics
|
Eventsa (Total)
|
HR (95 % CI)
|
P-value
|
HR (95 % CI)
|
P-value
|
|---|
|
Age
|
347 (3291)
|
1.06 (1.04–1.08)
|
<0.001
|
1.06 (1.04–1.08)
|
<0.001
|
|
Sex
|
|
Female
|
173 (1748)
|
ref
|
ref
|
ref
|
ref
|
|
Male
|
174 (1543)
|
1.14 (0.93–1.41)
|
0.219
|
1.15 (0.92–1.43)
|
0.231
|
|
Time of ED visit
|
|
Day 08.00 h-15.59 h
|
165 (1677)
|
ref
|
ref
|
ref
|
ref
|
|
Evening 16.00 h-23.59 h
|
127 (1254)
|
1.03 (0.82–1.30)
|
0.799
|
0.98 (0.77–1.24)
|
0.857
|
|
Night 00.00 h-07.59 h
|
55 (360)
|
1.62 (1.19–2.20)
|
0.002
|
1.27 (0.91–1.78)
|
0.163
|
|
Way of arrivalb
|
|
Self-referral
|
58 (654)
|
ref
|
ref
|
ref
|
ref
|
|
Brought in by ambulance
|
157 (1159)
|
1.58 (1.17–2.13)
|
0.003
|
1.33 (0.95–1.84)
|
0.096
|
|
General practitioner
|
102 (1108)
|
1.04 (0.75–1.43)
|
0.833
|
0.91 (0.64–1.29)
|
0.596
|
|
LUMC internal
|
23 (338)
|
0.75 (0.46–1.22)
|
0.243
|
0.81 (0.49–1.35)
|
0.424
|
|
Other Hospital
|
7 (28)
|
3.04 (1.39–6.66)
|
0.005
|
2.74 (1.22–6.11)
|
0.014
|
|
Presentation
|
|
Limb problems
|
37 (608)
|
ref
|
ref
|
ref
|
ref
|
|
Unwell
|
99 (598)
|
2.93 (2.01–4.28)
|
<0.001
|
1.99 (1.23–3.20)
|
0.005
|
|
Chest pain
|
20 (346)
|
0.96 (0.56–1.65)
|
0.882
|
0.54 (0.29–1.00)
|
0.051
|
|
Shortness of breath
|
56 (304)
|
3.22 (2.13–4.88)
|
<0.001
|
1.43 (0.83–2.45)
|
0.195
|
|
Abdominal pain
|
26 (214)
|
2.09 (1.26–3.45)
|
0.004
|
1.68 (0.98–2.89)
|
0.061
|
|
Collapsed
|
19 (168)
|
1.96 (1.13–3.42)
|
0.017
|
1.29 (0.68–2.44)
|
0.439
|
|
Falls
|
10 (122)
|
1.38 (0.69–2.77)
|
0.369
|
1.19 (0.58–2.45)
|
0.663
|
|
Wounds
|
8 (108)
|
1.22 (0.57–2.62)
|
0.610
|
1.47 (0.67–3.21)
|
0.332
|
|
Palpitations
|
3 (101)
|
0.49 (0.15–1.58)
|
0.229
|
0.36 (0.11–1.26)
|
0.110
|
|
Other
|
69 (722)
|
1.61 (1.08–2.40)
|
0.019
|
1.44 (0.93–2.23)
|
0.100
|
|
Consulting medical specialty
|
|
Surgical
|
99 (1371)
|
ref
|
ref
|
ref
|
ref
|
|
Non-surgical
|
248 (1920)
|
1.85 (1.47–2.34)
|
<0.001
|
1.55 (1.13–2.14)
|
0.007
|
|
Systolic BP (mmHg)
|
|
≤100
|
18 (109)
|
1.62 (1.00–2.61)
|
0.049
|
1.05 (0.64–1.72)
|
0.849
|
|
101–199
|
250 (2313)
|
ref
|
ref
|
ref
|
ref
|
|
≥200
|
16 (101)
|
1.52 (0.92–2.52)
|
0.104
|
1.15 (0.69–1.94)
|
0.589
|
|
Not measured
|
63 (768)
|
0.75 (0.57–0.99)
|
0.044
|
1.55 (0.79–3.02)
|
0.202
|
|
Heart rate (BPM)
|
|
≤50
|
5 (55)
|
0.90 (0.37–2.17)
|
0.807
|
0.67 (0.27–1.68)
|
0.394
|
|
51–100
|
214 (2093)
|
ref
|
ref
|
ref
|
ref
|
|
101–110
|
28 (187)
|
1.48 (1.00–2.20)
|
0.049
|
1.20 (0.80–1.80)
|
0.375
|
|
111–129
|
27 (144)
|
1.93 (1.30–2.89)
|
0.001
|
1.46 (0.94–2.27)
|
0.090
|
|
≥130
|
12 (92)
|
1.29 (0.72–2.31)
|
0.392
|
1.41 (0.76–2.61)
|
0.277
|
|
Not measured
|
61 (720)
|
0.83 (0.62–1.10)
|
0.192
|
1.51 (0.72–3.14)
|
0.272
|
|
Respiration rate (bpm)
|
|
≤8
|
1 (5)
|
2.65 (0.36–19.38)
|
0.337
|
2.07 (0.27–15.66)
|
0.481
|
|
9–14
|
33 (381)
|
ref
|
ref
|
ref
|
ref
|
|
15–20
|
95 (907)
|
1.21 (0.82–1.80)
|
0.343
|
1.15 (0.77–1.71)
|
0.507
|
|
21–29
|
68 (417)
|
1.95 (1.29–2.96)
|
0.002
|
1.63 (1.06–2.52)
|
0.027
|
|
≥30
|
31 (99)
|
4.16 (2.55–6.80)
|
<0.001
|
2.21 (1.25–3.92)
|
0.007
|
|
Not measured
|
119 (1482)
|
0.92 (0.62–1.35)
|
0.650
|
0.95 (0.61–1.47)
|
0.819
|
|
Oxygen saturation (%)
|
|
≤90
|
22 (81)
|
3.08 (1.99–4.78)
|
<0.001
|
1.96 (1.19–3.23)
|
0.008
|
|
91–94
|
43 (218)
|
2.09 (1.51–2.90)
|
<0.001
|
1.63 (1.16–2.31)
|
0.005
|
|
≥95
|
218 (2217)
|
ref
|
ref
|
ref
|
ref
|
|
Not measured
|
64 (775)
|
0.84 (0.63–1.11)
|
0.212
|
1.22 (0.65–2.27)
|
0.534
|
|
Temperature (°C)
|
|
≤34.9
|
14 (42)
|
3.43 (2.00–5.89)
|
<0.001
|
2.27 (1.28–4.01)
|
0.005
|
|
35.0–38.4
|
230 (2023)
|
ref
|
ref
|
ref
|
ref
|
|
≥38.5
|
14 (149)
|
0.82 (0.48–1.40)
|
0.461
|
0.43 (0.24–0.75)
|
0.003
|
|
Not measured
|
89 (1077)
|
0.72 (0.57–0.92)
|
0.009
|
1.12 (0.81–1.54)
|
0.498
|
|
Pain score (NRS)
|
|
0–3
|
181 (1645)
|
ref
|
ref
|
ref
|
ref
|
|
4–6
|
110 (1136)
|
0.87 (0.68–1.10)
|
0.240
|
1.24 (0.95–1.61)
|
0.114
|
|
7–10
|
36 (337)
|
0.97 (0.68–1.38)
|
0.847
|
1.55 (1.03–2.32)
|
0.034
|
|
Not measured
|
20 (173)
|
1.06 (0.67–1.68)
|
0.811
|
0.93 (0.58–1.49)
|
0.754
|
|
Blood testsc
|
|
None performed
|
29 (770)
|
ref
|
ref
|
ref
|
ref
|
|
Performed
|
318 (2521)
|
3.52 (2.41–5.15)
|
<0.001
|
3.44 (2.13–5.56)
|
<0.001
|
-
Abbreviations: ED emergency department, HR hazard ratio, CI confidence interval, ref reference category, BP blood pressure, BPM beats per minute, bpm breaths per minute, °C degrees Celcius, NRS numeric rating scale
- Bold formatting has been used to mark statistical significant P-values
-
a‘Events’ represent the number of deaths in each category within 90 days after ED admittance
-
bWay of arrival was unknown in 4 patients (data not shown in table). No patients died in this category. Univariate Cox regression analysis showed HR 0.91 (95 % CI 0.80-1.04; P value 0.178). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed HR 0.00 (95 % CI 0.00-9.37*10102; P-value 0.947)
-
cBlood tests included levels of haemoglobin, thrombocytes, leukocytes, C-reactive protein, sodium, potassium, creatinine, urea, troponin T and/or non fasted glucose
