Table 2 Sample characteristics by exposure status
No anticoagulants | Warfarin only | ASA/clopidogrel only | Both warfarin and ASA/clopidogrel | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Sample size, n (%) | 281 (67.2) | 53 (12.7) | 80 (19.1) | 4 (1.0) |
Age mean (SD) | 69.1 (10.2) | 76.3 (9.7) | 76.0 (10.0) | 80.8 (5.6) |
Gender, male (%) | 167 (59.4) | 39 (73.6) | 45 (56.3) | 3 (75.0) |
Gender, female (%) | 114 (40.6) | 14 (26.4) | 35 (43.8) | 1 (25) |
ASA-PS (%)a | ||||
1 | 113 (40.2) | 4 (7.5) | 8 (10) | 0 |
2 | 105 (37.4) | 9 (17.0) | 21 (26.3) | 0 |
3 or 4 | 61 (21.7) | 40 (75.5) | 51 (63.7) | 4 (100) |
ISS mean (SD) | 19.6 (11.2) | 20.6 (5.8) | 18.4 (8.6) | 22.0 (14.1) |
NISS mean (SD) | 28.5 (17.2) | 30.4 (13.6) | 28.3 (15.9) | 42.2 (34.3) |
RTS median (quartiles) | 12.0 (10.0–12.0) | 12.0 (10.0–12.0) | 12.0 (11.0–12.0) | 9.5 (8.25–11.5) |
INR ≥ 2.0 (%) | 5 (1.8) | 39 (74.0) | 0 | 3 (75.0) |
INR < 2.0 (%) | 60 (21.4) | 11 (20.8) | 24 (30.0) | 1 (25.0) |
INR not done (%) | 216 (76.9) | 3 (5.7) | 56 (70.0) | 0 |
30-day mortality (%) | 41 (14.6) | 15 (28.3) | 12 (15.0) | 2 (50) |
Trauma mechanism (%) | ||||
Motor vehicle accidents | 83 (29.5) | 7 (13.2) | 19 (23.8) | 1 (25.0) |
Bicycle accidents | 23 (8.2) | 3 (5.7) | 3 (3.8) | 0 |
Falls | 159 (56.6) | 41 (77.4) | 54 (67.5) | 3 (75.0) |
Other mechanisms | 13 (4.6) | 1 (1.9) | 3 (3.8) | 0 |
Unknown | 3 (1.1) | 1 (1.9) | 1 (1.3) | |
Falls (%) | ||||
Fall out of bed | 3 (1.9) | 2 (4.9) | 3 (5.6) | 0 |
Fall from standing | 71 (44.7) | 28 (68.3) | 30 (55.6) | 1 (33.3) |
Fall in stairs | 41 (25.8) | 8 (19.5) | 11 (20.4) | 1 (33.3) |
Fall from heights | 37 (23.3) | 2 (4.9) | 8 (14.8) | 0 |
Other falls | 7 (4.4) | 1 (2.4) | 2 (3.7) | 1 (33.3) |