The effectiveness of physiologically based early warning or track and trigger systems after triage in adult patients presenting to emergency departments: a systematic review

Table 2 Instruments used to assess risk of bias and quality of reports

Study design	Risk of bias (ROB)/quality assessment tool^a
Descriptive studies	Adapted from National Institute of Health checklist [69]
Effectiveness studies – RCTs	Cochrane risk of bias tool [70]
Effectiveness studies – non-RCTs	EPOC quality assessment for quantitative studies [70, 71]
Systematic reviews	AMSTAR
Economic evaluations	British Medical Journal Checklist for authors and peer-reviewers of economic submission [72]; Checklist for quality assessment in economic decision-analytic models [73]
Development and validation studies	Quality Assessment Tool adapted from Kansagara et al. (2011) [74]

^aDifferent tools use either the term risk of bias or quality. We have reported the findings consistently with the terminology used in the individual tool

ISSN: 1471-227X