Table 1 Demographics and ED care for patients in study cohort. Baseline characteristics of the study population
Factor | All Patients (n = 294) | Survivors (n = 211) | Non-survivors (n = 83) | Difference (95%CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Male, n (%) | 163 (55) | 121 (57) | 42 (51) | 6.7 (− 6.0–19.4) |
Age, mean (SD) | 58.0 (16.0) | 57.2 (16.3) | 60.0 (15.1) | −2.6 (− 1.4–6.7) |
ICU Admission, n (%) | 220 (75) | 161 (76) | 59 (71) | 5.2 (−5.9–16.3) |
Fluids Administered over 24 h, liters (mean, SD) | 4161 (2881) | 4454 (2940) | 3420 (2596) | 1034 (307–1761) |
Lactate, mmol/L (mean, SD) | 3.2 (2.8) | 3.0 (2.3) | 3.9 (3.7) | −0.9 (− 1.6–0.2) |
Triage Vital Signs | ||||
Triage systolic blood pressure, mmHg (mean, SD) | 108 (65) | 109 (74) | 106 (31) | 3 (−13–19) |
Triage heart rate, bpm (mean, SD) | 107 (26) | 109 (24) | 103 (31) | 6 (−1–12) |
White blood cell count, cells/mL (mean, SD) | 16.2 (10.2) | 15.9 (10.1) | 17.0 (10.3) | −1.1 (−3.7–1.5) |
ED Charges, Total, dollars (median, IQR) | $3640 (2861 – 5234) | $3840 (2947 – 5661) | $3380 (2793 – 4356) | 334 (71–653) |
Hospital Facility Charges (median, IQR) | $2776 (2232 – 3706) | $2863 (2288 – 3772) | $2574 (2049 – 3264) | 264 (63–482) |
Professional Fees (median, IQR) | $760 (660–1496) | $1050 (681–1950) | $681 (660–1050) | 19 (0–21) |
Comorbidities | ||||
Peripheral vascular disease, n (%) | 17 (6) | 10 (5) | 7 (8) | −3.7 (− 9.7–2.3) |
Paralysis, n (%) | 17 (6) | 14 (7) | 3 (4) | 3.0 (− 2.9–9.0) |
Neurologic disorders, n (%) | 35 (12) | 27 (13) | 8 (10) | 3.2 (− 5.1–11.4) |
COPD, n (%) | 47 (16) | 32 (15) | 15 (18) | −2.9 (− 12.3–6.4) |
DM with complications, n (%) | 23 (8) | 20 (9) | 3 (4) | 5.9 (−1.0–12.7) |
Hypothyroidism, n (%) | 23 (8) | 17 (8) | 6 (7) | 0.8 (−6.0–7.7) |
Renal failure, n (%) | 38 (13) | 29 (14) | 9 (11) | 2.9 (−5.7–11.5) |
Liver disease, n (%) | 42 (14) | 23 (11) | 19 (23) | −12.0 (−20.8 - -3.1) |
Metastatic cancer, n (%) | 18 (6) | 11 (5) | 7 (8) | −3.2 (−9.3–2.9) |
Solid tumor without metastasis, n (%) | 16 (5) | 8 (4) | 8 (10) | −5.8 (−11.6 - -0.1) |
Coagulopathy, n (%) | 53 (18) | 30 (14) | 23 (28) | −13.4 (−23.2 - -3.7) |
Fluid and electrolyte disorders, n (%) | 231 (79) | 153 (73) | 78 (94) | −21.4 (−31.7 - -11.3) |
Deficiency anemia, n (%) | 34 (12) | 30 (14) | 4 (5) | 9.4 (1.2–17.5) |
Hypertension, n (%) | 96 (32) | 7 (3) | 5 (6) | 17.0 (5.1–28.8) |
APACHE-II score (mean, SD) | 16.9 (7.0) | 16.2 (6.5) | 18.6 (7.8) | −2.4 (−4.1 - -0.6) |
28-day ICU-free days (median, IQR) | 22 (0–26) | 25 (22–26) | 0 (0–0) | 25 (24–25) |
28-day hospital free days (median, IQR) | 12 (0–21) | 18 (10–22) | 0 (0–0) | 18 (17–20) |