From: Gender differences in acute recreational drug toxicity: a case series from Oslo, Norway
Opioid among toxic agents | No opioid among toxic agents | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Outpatient clinic | Hospital ED | Outpatient clinic | Hospital ED | |||||
Females n (%) | Males n (%) | Females n (%) | Males n (%) | Females n (%) | Males n (%) | Females n (%) | Males n (%) | |
Agea,b | 36 (25–44)*** | 38 (30–46) | 29 (23–31)* | 35 (27–41) | 29 (23–38)* | 31 (25–42) | 30.5 (23–35) | 31.5 (24–38) |
Brought by ambulance | 141 (62.4) | 613 (62.7) | 21 (100) | 66 (93.0) | 122 (45.7) | 356 (49.2) | 44 (93.6) | 129 (93.5) |
Treatment requiredc | 86 (37.6)* | 292 (29.6) | 15 (71.4) | 54 (76.1) | 21 (7.8) | 90 (12.3) | 31 (66.0) | 94 (68.1) |
Intubated | – | – | -* | 15 (21.1)f | – | 1 (0.1)g | 3 (6.4)*g | 29 (21.0)g |
Naloxone | 71 (31.0) | 266 (27.0) | 14 (66.7) | 43 (60.6) | 7 (2.6) | 24 (3.3) | 11 (23.4) | 44 (31.9) |
Flumazenil | 1 (0.4) | 3 (0.3) | 6 (28.6) | 23 (32.4) | – | – | 11 (23.4) | 32 (23.2) |
Sedation | 3 (1.3) | 6 (0.6) | -* | 15 (21.1) | 6 (2.2) | 34 (4.6) | 12 (25.5) | 42 (30.4) |
Length of staya | 4:36 (2:36–6:04) | 4:44 (2:45–6:31) | 14:56* (4:17–33:45) | 21:25 (11:14–51:06) | 2:30 (1:21–4:37) | 2:44 (1:24–4:40) | 9:11 (5:13–20:45) | 12:24 (6:17–27:37) |
Disposition | ||||||||
Admitted critical care unit | – | – | 18 (85.7) | 68 (95.8) | – | – | 40 (85.1) | 117 (84.8) |
Admitted psychiatric ward | 3 (1.3) | 6 (0.6) | 1 (4.8) | – | 18 (6.7) | 65 (8.9) | 1 (2.1) | 1 (0.7) |
Admitted otherd | 44 (19.2) | 170 (17.2) | 1 (4.8) | – | 61 (22.6) | 152 (20.7) | 2 (4.3) | 11 (8.0) |
Medically discharged | 143 (62.4) | 638 (64.7) | – | – | 138 (51.1) | 383 (52.3) | 2 (4.3) | 2 (1.4) |
Self-discharge | 39 (17.0) | 171 (17.3) | 1 (4.8) | 3 (4.2) | 53 (19.6) | 133 (18.1) | 2 (4.3) | 7 (5.1) |
Total | 229 (100) | 986 (100)e | 21 (100) | 71 (100) | 270 (100) | 733 (100) | 47 (100) | 138 (100) |