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Table 2 Age, treatment, and disposition of patients with acute recreational drug toxicity

From: Gender differences in acute recreational drug toxicity: a case series from Oslo, Norway

 

Opioid among toxic agents

No opioid among toxic agents

Outpatient clinic

Hospital ED

Outpatient clinic

Hospital ED

Females

n (%)

Males

n (%)

Females

n (%)

Males

n (%)

Females

n (%)

Males

n (%)

Females

n (%)

Males

n (%)

Agea,b

36 (25–44)***

38 (30–46)

29 (23–31)*

35 (27–41)

29 (23–38)*

31 (25–42)

30.5 (23–35)

31.5 (24–38)

Brought by ambulance

141 (62.4)

613 (62.7)

21 (100)

66 (93.0)

122 (45.7)

356 (49.2)

44 (93.6)

129 (93.5)

Treatment requiredc

86 (37.6)*

292 (29.6)

15 (71.4)

54 (76.1)

21 (7.8)

90 (12.3)

31 (66.0)

94 (68.1)

Intubated

-*

15 (21.1)f

1 (0.1)g

3 (6.4)*g

29 (21.0)g

Naloxone

71 (31.0)

266 (27.0)

14 (66.7)

43 (60.6)

7 (2.6)

24 (3.3)

11 (23.4)

44 (31.9)

Flumazenil

1 (0.4)

3 (0.3)

6 (28.6)

23 (32.4)

11 (23.4)

32 (23.2)

Sedation

3 (1.3)

6 (0.6)

-*

15 (21.1)

6 (2.2)

34 (4.6)

12 (25.5)

42 (30.4)

Length of staya

4:36 (2:36–6:04)

4:44 (2:45–6:31)

14:56* (4:17–33:45)

21:25 (11:14–51:06)

2:30 (1:21–4:37)

2:44 (1:24–4:40)

9:11 (5:13–20:45)

12:24 (6:17–27:37)

Disposition

Admitted critical care unit

18 (85.7)

68 (95.8)

40 (85.1)

117 (84.8)

Admitted psychiatric ward

3 (1.3)

6 (0.6)

1 (4.8)

18 (6.7)

65 (8.9)

1 (2.1)

1 (0.7)

Admitted otherd

44 (19.2)

170 (17.2)

1 (4.8)

61 (22.6)

152 (20.7)

2 (4.3)

11 (8.0)

Medically discharged

143 (62.4)

638 (64.7)

138 (51.1)

383 (52.3)

2 (4.3)

2 (1.4)

Self-discharge

39 (17.0)

171 (17.3)

1 (4.8)

3 (4.2)

53 (19.6)

133 (18.1)

2 (4.3)

7 (5.1)

Total

229 (100)

986 (100)e

21 (100)

71 (100)

270 (100)

733 (100)

47 (100)

138 (100)

  1. Percentages refer to total at the bottom of the columns
  2. aMedian (interquartile range)
  3. bMissing: 16 in outpatient opioid group (females: n = 226; males: n = 973), 2 in hospital opioid group (males: n = 69), 23 in outpatient non-opioid group (females: n = 265; males: n = 715), 5 in hospital non-opioid group (females: n = 46; males: n = 134)
  4. cAny kind of treatment other than mere observation
  5. dFrom outpatient clinic: transferred to hospital emergency department. From hospital ED: admitted to hospital department other than critical care unit or psychiatric ward
  6. eOne patient with unknown disposition
  7. fIn 13 cases also sedated
  8. gAll were also sedated
  9. ED: emergency department
  10. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 for comparisons between genders