Skip to main content

Table 1 Study population characteristics. Presented in amounts (percentages of total) or median value (interquartile range)

From: Proenkephalin a 119–159 (penKid) – a novel biomarker for acute kidney injury in sepsis: an observational study

Population Characteristics

All patients

(n = 588)

No aAKI at 7 days

(n = 494)

AKI at 7 days

(n = 94)

p-value

Female sex, n (%)

288 (49.0%)

256 (43.5%)

32 (34.0%)

0.002

Age, years (IQR)

73 (61–82)

73 (59–82)

75 (67–84)

0.007

*CHF, n (%)

111 (18.9%)

86 (17.5%)

25 (26.6%)

0.039

*COPD, n (%)

110 (18.7%)

92 (18.6%)

18 (19.4%)

0.840

*Cancer n (%)

164 (27.9%)

133 (26.9%)

31 (33.3%)

0.198

Diabetes Mellitus, n (%)

114 (19.4%)

88 (17.8%)

26 (27.7%)

0.027

Renal Disease, n (%)

45 (7.7%)

33 (6.7%)

12 (12.8%)

0.292

*Immunodeficiency, n (%)

31 (5.3%)

26 (5.3%)

5 (5.4%)

0.770

**Limitation of care, n (%)

149 (25.3%)

110 (22.4%)

39 (41.5%)

< 0.001

Severe Sepsis, n (%)

316 (54.1%)

231 (47.1%)

85 (91.4%)

< 0.001

Septic Shock, n (%)

21 (3.7%)

6 (1.2%)

15 (17.7%)

< 0.001

Diagnosis

   

0.141

 Pneumonia, n (%)

197 (33.5%)

169 (34.2%)

28 (29.8%)

N/A

 Urinary Tract Infection, n (%)

129 (21.9%)

104 (21.1%)

25 (26.6%)

N/A

 Soft-tissue Infection, n (%)

58 (9.9%)

45 (9.1%)

13 (13.8%)

N/A

bOther, n (%)

155 (26.4%)

134 (27.1%)

21 (22.3%)

N/A

 No confirmed infection, n (%)

49 (8.3%)

42 (8.5%)

7 (7.5%)

N/A

ceGFR, mL/min/kg/1.73m2 (IQR)

66 (46–88)

73 (53–91)

34 (25–48)

< 0.001

 SCr, umol/L (IQR)

88 (68–120)

80 (65–103)

155 (119–212)

< 0.001

 penKid, pmol/L (IQR)

77.9 (56.9–119.7)

73.9 (53.4–101.2)

129.3 (92.2–177.5)

< 0.001

  1. aAcute Kidney Injury. *incomplete data, percentages do not apply to full study population. CHF, congestive heart failure. COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diagnoses. **Limitation of care order issued at presentation or during hospital stay, regarding cardiopulmonary resuscitation, intensive care, respiratory support or any combination of these. b Contains the following categories: ‘upper respiratory tract’, ‘bone’, ‘central nervous system’, ‘gastrointestinal’, ‘endocarditis’, ‘foreign body’, ‘blood port’, ‘unknown’. ceGFR; estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate, mL/min/kg/1.73m2 calculated with the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) Study [18] formula