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Table 4 Proenkephalin A 119–159 (penKid) for prediction of multi-organ failure and 28-day all-cause mortality

From: Proenkephalin a 119–159 (penKid) – a novel biomarker for acute kidney injury in sepsis: an observational study

 

All patients

(n = 588)

P-value

Quartile 1

(n = 147)

Quartile 2

(n = 147)

Quartile 3

(n = 147)

Quartile 4

(n = 147)

P for trend

aSevere Multi-Organ Failure

bN events (% of total)

33 (5.6%)

 

1 (0.7%)

2 (1.4%)

6 (4.1%)

24 (16.3%)

 

cOR (95% CI)

3.6 (2.5–5.3)

< 0.001

Reference

2.1 (0.2–23.0)

6.5 (0.8–55.2)

29.9 (3.8–235.3)

< 0.001

28-Day All-Cause Mortality

 N events (% of total)

50 (8.5%)

 

5 (3.4%)

10 (6.8%)

13 (8.8%)

22 (15.0%)

 

 OR (95% CI)

1.5 (1.1–2.0)

=0.009

Reference

1.3 (0.4–4.0)

1.5 (0.5–4.6)

2.2 (0.8–6.5)

=0.079

  1. aSevere multi-organ failure defined as > 4 organ systems failing. Organ failure constitutes seven categories: [1] central nervous system, [2] circulatory failure, [3] respiratory failure, [4] kidney failure, [5] liver failure, [6] coagulopathy, [7] metabolic dysfunction. bN events (% of total) refers to the number of participants (proportion of total number participants) for each respective endpoint. cOR (95% CI) are expressed per one standard deviation (SD) increment of log-transformed penKid and in analyses of quartiles the lowest quartile (quartile 1) was defined as the reference category and the OR (95% CI) for each of quartiles 2, 3 and 4 were compared with the reference quartile. Analyses were adjusted for age, sex and eGFR calculated through the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) Study [18] formula