Table 2 Characteristics for which academic and non-academic EDs differed in the primary analysis
Academic EDs (n = 80) | Non-Academic EDs (n = 454) | Matched Non-Academic EDs (n = 80) | |
|---|---|---|---|
Demographic and operational characteristics | |||
Annual ED census volume | |||
Median (95% CI) | 73,011 (67,605 to 77,799) | 54,393 (52,663 to 56,140) | 65,378 (61,315 to 70,855) |
IQR (95% CI) | 60,088 (56,150 to 64,597) – 86,125 (80,633 to 95,482) | 46,678 (45,651 to 47,777) – 64,889 (62,726 to 67,369) | 54,069 (49,288 to 58,397) – 82,987 (74,320 to 91,372) |
Pediatric mix (%) | |||
Median (95% CI) | 6.3 (3.6 to 13.7) | 14.5 (13.8 to 15.2) | 14.1 (12.7 to 15.9) |
IQR (95% CI) | 1.3 (0.4 to 2.5) – 19.3 (15.3 to 26.1) | 10.4 (9.3 to 11.5) – 18.2 (17.5 to 18.9) | 10.0 (7.4 to 12.0) – 18.4 (16.8 to 20.2) |
ED admission rate (%) | |||
Median (95% CI) | 27 (25 to 28) | 19 (18 to 20) | 24 (23 to 26) |
IQR (95% CI) | 23 (21 to 25) – 31 (29 to 33) | 15 (14 to 16) – 24 (23 to 25) | 20 (18 to 22) – 30 (27 to 32) |
Non-responders | 0 | 11 (2.4%) | 0 |
Proportion of hospital patients admitted via the ED (%) | |||
Median (95% CI) | 59 (53 to 63) | 71 (70 to 72) | 68 (63 to 72) |
IQR (95% CI) | 47 (40 to 51) – 69 (65 to 76) | 64 (62 to 66) – 76 (75 to 77) | 58 (51 to 62) – 75 (72 to 77) |
Non-responders | 18 (23%) | 224 (49%) | 30 (38%) |
Proportion of ED patients arriving via EMS (%) | |||
Median (95% CI) | 27 (24 to 29) | 19 (18 to 19) | 23 (21 to 25) |
IQR (95% CI) | 20 (17 to 23) – 34 (30 to 37) | 15 (14 to 15) – 23 (22 to 24) | 19 (17 to 20) – 27 (26 to 30) |
Non-responders | 15 (19%) | 131 (29%) | 14 (18%) |
Timeliness of care measures | |||
Left before treatment completion (%) | |||
Median (95% CI) | 5.7 (4.8 to 6.7) | 2.9 (2.9 to 3.0) | 2.8 (2.2 to 3.1) |
IQR (95% CI) | 3.5 (2.9 to 4.3) – 8.5 (7.3 to 9.5) | 2.0 (1.9 to 2.0) – 4.0 (3.9 to 4.1) | 1.8 (1.4 to 2.0) – 4.2 (3.3 to 5.0) |
Non-responders | 4 (5.0%) | 21 (4.6%) | 1 (1.3%) |
Median LOS (min) | |||
Median (95% CI) | 277 (265 to 293) | 190 (184 to 195) | 200 (190 to 212) |
IQR (95% CI) | 246 (229 to 258) – 335 (304 to 357) | 162 (157 to 168) – 222 (217 to 229) | 174 (164 to 184) – 238 (220 to 253) |
Non-responders | 6 (7.5%) | 20 (4.4%) | 0 |
Median LOS for discharged patients (min) | |||
Median (95% CI) | 241 (230 to 251) | 161 (159 to 165) | 168 (160 to 177) |
IQR (95% CI) | 206 (189 to 223) – 276 (258 to 294) | 138 (134 to 143) – 190 (185 to 195) | 147 (139 to 155) – 197 (182 to 212) |
Non-responders | 5 (6.3%) | 20 (4.4%) | 0 |
Median LOS for admitted patients (min) | |||
Median (95% CI) | 435 (393 to 476) | 309 (299 to 321) | 316 (297 to 335) |
IQR (95% CI) | 354 (327 to 378) – 529 (494 to 565) | 262 (256 to 269) – 367 (358 to 378) | 274 (256 to 289) – 361 (343 to 386) |
Non-responders | 6 (7.5%) | 21 (4.6%) | 1 (1.3%) |
Median boarding time (min) | |||
Median (95% CI) | 163 (151 to 177) | 108 (101 to 116) | 120 (102 to 145) |
IQR (95% CI) | 126 (107 to 144) – 214 (185 to 252) | 79 (73 to 84) – 153 (141 to 165) | 77 (60 to 96) – 177 (151 to 202) |
Non-responders | 11 (14%) | 164 (36%) | 18 (23%) |
Imaging utilization measures | |||
MR imaging | % of patients with at least one MR | Total MRs per 100 patients | Total MRs per 100 patients |
Median (95% CI) | 2.2 (1.7 to 2.8) | 1.0 (1.0 to 1.1) | 1.4 (1.1 to 1.9) |
IQR (95% CI) | 1.1 (0.6 to 1.7) – 3.4 (2.8 to 4.4) | 0.5 (0.5 to 0.6) – 2.1 (1.9 to 2.5) | 0.8 (0.6 to 1.0) – 2.8 (2.2 to 3.4) |
Non-responders | 35 (44%) | 124 (27%) | 14 (18%) |