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Table 2 Univariate correlation coefficients of patient characteristics with pre-hospital lactate levels in trauma patients attended by HEMS (n = 156)

From: Determinants of prehospital lactate in trauma patients: a retrospective cohort study

 

Lactate (mmol/l)

Lactate > 2.5 mmol/l

r [95%CI]

p

r [95% CI]

p

Biometric data

 Age (y)

.01 [−.15–.16]

.974

−.04 [−.24–.17]

.643

 Gender (n,%male)

−.03 [−.18–13]

.758

−.02 [−.17–.14]

.844

Injury/disease characteristics

 Mechanism

.09 [−.07–.25]

.255

.05 [−.10–.21]

.500

 Nr Body regions affected

.11 [−.05–.26]

.176

.10 [−.06–25]

.220

  Head (n,%)

.22 [.07–.37]

.006

.22 [.07–.37]

.006

  Chest (n,%)

.01 [−.15–.16]

.950

−.06 [−.21–.10]

.495

  Abdomen (n,%)

−.03 [−.19–.13]

.718

−.02 [−.18–.14]

.782

  Limb (n,%)

−.03 [−.19–.13]

.688

.01 [−.15–.17]

.915

 999-lactate sample (min)

.12 [−.04–.27]

.197

.07 [−.09–.23]

.422

Indices of end-organ perfusion and oxygenation

 Palpable radial pulse [y]

−.29 [−.42--.14]

<.001

−.17 [−.31--.01]

.038

 SBP (mmHg)

−.31 [−.44--.16]

<.001

−.28 [−.42--.13]

.001

 HR (bpm)

.21 [.06–.36]

.011

.19 [−.34–0.03]

.023

 Shock index

.35 [.20–.48]

<.001

.34 [.19–.47]

<.001

 First EtCO2 (kPa)

−.16 [−.31–.01]

.101

−.08 [−.24–.08]

.392

 SpO2

−.24 [−.38--.08]

.005

−.19 [−.34--.03]

.024

Treatments before HEMS

 Circ and resp. support

  Adrenalin

.11 [−.04–.27]

.155

.09 [−.06–.25]

.254

  IV fluids

.17 [.01–.31

.040

.16 [.01–.31]

.046

 Pain relieving interventions

  IVP and/or morphine

−.24 [−.38--.09]

.003

−.19 [−.33--.03]

.021

   IVP

−.18 [−.32--.02]

.027

−.17 [−.31--.01]

.039

   Morphine

−.16 [−.31–.01]

.040

−.09 [−.24–.07]

.288

  Reduction or splintinga

.10 [−.06–.25]

.227

.11 [−.04–.27]

.161

 Haemostatic interventions

  Pelvic splint

.05 [−.10–.21]

.502

.05 [−.11–.20]

.576

  Compression bandage or tourniquet

−.12 [−.27–.01

.126

−.07 [−.22–.09]

.384

  TXA

.12 [−.04–.27]

.147

.09 [−.07–.24]

.278

  1. Footnote: aManual reduction of fracture or dislocation and/or Kendrick and/or vacuum splint application. SBP Systolic blood pressure, HR Heart rate, EtCO2 End tidal CO2, SpO2 Percentage oxygen saturation, IV Intravenous, IVP Intravenous paracetamol, TXA Tranexamic acid
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