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Table 3 Pharmacological therapies used in management of GF in the EDs following the 2012 TRA-GMG

From: Quality of gout care in the emergency departments: a multicentre study

Items/Pharmacological therapy

Acute management in EDs

N (%) (n = 632)

Home medications

N (%) (n = 585)

Prescribed medications for management of GF

628 (99.4)

519 (88.7)

Colchicine

 Prescribed pharmacological therapies for management of GF

(n = 628)

(n = 519)

  - Early treatmenta

   - Colchicine

372 (59.3)

340 (65.5)

   - Other

169 (26.9)

106 (20.4)

  - Late treatmenta

   - Colchicine

58 (9.2)

54 (10.4)

   - Other

29 (4.6)

19 (3.7)

 The dosage of colchicinec

(n = 430)

(n = 394)

  - ≤4 tabs (≤2.4 mg/day)

430 (100)

391 (99.2)

  - > 4 tabs (> 2.4 mg/day)

0 (0)

3 (0.8)

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

 Prescribed pharmacological therapies for management of GF

(n = 628)

(n = 519)

  - Early treatmenta

   - NSAIDs

300 (47.8)

242 (46.6)

   - Other

241 (38.4)

204 (39.3)

  - Late treatmenta

   - NSAIDs

43 (6.8)

34 (6.6)

   - Other

44 (7.0)

39 (7.5)

  NSAIDsd and renal function

(n = 343)

(n = 276)

   - Normal renal function (eGFR ≥60 ml/min/1.73m2)

183 (53.4)

151 (54.7)

   - Abnormal renal function (eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73m2)

42 (12.2)

30 (10.9)

   - Unevaluated renal function

118 (34.4)

95 (34.4)

  NSAIDsd and severe liver diseaseb

(n = 343)

(n = 276)

   - No severe liver disease

342 (99.7)

275 (99.6)

   - Severe liver disease

1 (0.3)

1 (0.4)

  Adequate duration (approximate 7 days) of NSAIDsd

 

(n = 276)

   - Yes

–

117 (42.4)

   - No

–

159 (57.6)

  NSAIDsd and PPI or gastro-protective agent use

 

(n = 276)

   - Adequate

–

184 (66.7)

   - Inadequate

  

   - Over use

–

40 (14.5)

   - Under use

–

52 (18.8)

Corticosteroid

 Adequate dose (prednisolone 0.5–1 mg/kg/day (or equivalent)) of corticosteroide

 

(n = 59)

  - Yes

–

38 (64.4)

  - No

–

21 (35.6)

 The adequate duration (7–10 days) of corticosteroide

 

(n = 59)

  - Yes

–

16 (27.1)

  - No

–

43 (72.9)

  1. EDs Emergency departments, NSAIDs Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, GF Gout flare, eGFR Estimated glomerular filtration rate, PPI Proton pump inhibitor
  2. aEarly and late treatment of gout flare that was less than or equal to 72 and was more than 72 h after attack onset, respectively
  3. bSevere liver disease defined as history of liver cirrhosis, cholangiocarcinoma, or any metastatic liver cancer
  4. cIrrespective of onset treatment of GF, the number of patients prescribed colchicine, referred to as monotherapy and combination therapy at EDs: monotherapy (n = 167), NSAIDs plus colchicine (n = 233), colchicine plus corticosteroids (n = 25), NSAIDs and colchicine plus corticosteroids (n = 5) and monotherapy and combination therapy as HM: monotherapy (n = 186), NSAIDs plus colchicine (n = 193), colchicine plus corticosteroids (n = 12), NSAIDs and colchicine plus corticosteroids (n = 3).
  5. dIrrespective of onset treatment of GF, the number of patients that were prescribed NSAIDs referred to as monotherapy and combination therapy at EDs: monotherapy (n = 95), NSAIDs plus colchicine (n = 233), NSAIDs plus corticosteroids (n = 10), NSAIDs and colchicine plus corticosteroids (n = 5) and monotherapy and combination therapy at HM: monotherapy (n = 76), NSAIDs plus colchicine (n = 193), NSAIDs plus corticosteroids (n = 4), NSAIDs and colchicine plus corticosteroids (n = 3).
  6. eIrrespective of onset treatment of GF, the number of patients that were prescribed corticosteroid referred to as monotherapy and combination therapy at HM: monotherapy (n = 40), NSAIDs plus corticosteroid (n = 4), colchicine plus corticosteroids (n = 12), NSAIDs and colchicine plus corticosteroids (n = 3)
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BMC Emergency Medicine

ISSN: 1471-227X

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