Fig. 3From: Lower maximum forces on oral structures when using gum-elastic bougie than when using endotracheal tube and stylet during both direct and indirect laryngoscopy by novices: a crossover study using a high-fidelity simulatorComparison of maximum applied forces on tongue by each laryngoscope and airway adjunct. Column scatter plots representing the data distribution (circles), mean (horizontal bar), and standard deviation (vertical bar). The P values were derived from two-way analysis of variance. n = 209 in each group. DL: direct laryngoscope; ETI: endotracheal intubation; GEB: gum-elastic bougie; VL: video laryngoscopeBack to article page