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Table 1 Key methodological characteristics of included studies

From: Efficacy and safety of inhaled budesonide on prevention of acute mountain sickness during emergent ascent: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Study

Year

Study site

Trial registration number

Treatment groups and Sample size

Maximum Altitude

Starting altitude

Ascent mode

Total ascent duration

AMS definition

Severe AMS definition

Zheng et al.

2014

Litang County, Sichuan Province, China

ChiCTR-PRC-13003296

BUD (n = 42).

DEX (n = 39).

Placebo (n = 43).

4200 m

650 m

Car

4 days

LLS ≥ 3 with headache

LLS ≥ 5

Chen et al.

2015

Lhasa, Tibet, China

ChiCTRPRC-12,002,748

BUD (n = 20).

PRO (n = 20).

B/F (n = 20).

Placebo (n = 20).

3700 m

500 m

By air

2.5 h

LLS ≥ 3 with headache

LLS ≥ 5

Berger et al.

2017

Capanna Regina Margherita, Monte Rosa, Italy

NCT02811016

BUD 200 μg (n = 16).

BUD 800 μg (n = 17).

Placebo (n = 17).

4559 m

1130 m

Rope way and Hiking

20 h

LLS ≥ 5 plus AMS-C score ≥ 0.70.

However, separate analysis using LLS ≥ 3 with headache was also done. We included latter for analysis.

We included LLS ≥ 5 plus AMS-C score ≥ 0.70 for analysis of severe AMS.

Lipman et al.

2017

White Mountains of California, USA

NCT02604173

Placebo (n = 35).

AZ (n = 35).

BUD (n = 33).

3810 m

1240 m

Car and Hiking

4 h

LLS ≥ 3 with headache

LLS ≥ 5

Wang et al.

2018

Litang County, Sichuan Province, China

CHiCTR-PRC-16008441

I/S (n = 30).

BUD (n = 31).

SAL (n = 30).

Placebo (n = 30).

4000 m

2000 m

Car

3 days

LLS ≥ 3 with headache

LLS ≥ 5

  1. Budesonide: BUD
  2. Dexamethasone: DEX
  3. Procaterol: PRO
  4. Budesonide / formoterol: B / F
  5. Acetazolamide: ACZ
  6. Ipratropium bromide / salbutamol: I / S
  7. Salbutamol sulfate: SAL