| | Crude Odds Ratio | Adjusted for variablesa |
|---|
| Demographic | + Socioeconomic | + Visiting & Clinical |
|---|
| ESI Score: 1 or 2 vs. 4 or 5 | 1.88(1.69–2.08) | 1.93(1.74–2.14) | 1.85(1.67–2.06) | 1.33(1.18–1.49) |
| ESI Score: Urgent vs. Semi- or Non-Urgent | 1.29(1.19–1.39) | 1.28(1.18–1.38) | 1.25(1.16–1.35) | 1.11(1.02–1.20) |
| Hospital Admission | 1.88(1.75–2.02) | 2.01(1.86–2.17) | 1.84(1.70–1.99) | 1.50(1.38–1.63) |
| ICU | 1.41(1.15–1.73) | 1.46(1.19–1.80) | 1.32(1.07–1.63) | 1.10(0.88–1.37) |
| Death | 0.55(0.32–0.95) | 0.62(0.36–1.07) | 0.58(0.33–1.00) | 0.43(0.24–0.77) |
| Left | 0.81(0.66–0.99) | 0.81(0.66–0.99) | 0.80(0.65–0.98) | 0.77(0.62–0.95) |
| Blood test | 1.55(1.46–1.65) | 1.54(1.45–1.63) | 1.52(1.43–1.61) | 1.33(1.24–1.43) |
| Any imaging | 0.87(0.82–0.92) | 0.85(0.80–0.90) | 0.84(0.79–0.90) | 0.89(0.84–0.95) |
| X-ray | 0.94(0.89–1.00) | 0.93(0.87–0.99) | 0.92(0.87–0.99) | 0.95(0.89–1.02) |
| CT | 1.03(0.96–1.11) | 1.02(0.95–1.10) | 1.01(0.94–1.09) | 0.97(0.89–1.05) |
| Ultrasound | 0.75(0.65–0.87) | 0.73(0.63–0.84) | 0.74(0.64–0.86) | 0.84(0.71–0.98) |
| MRI | 0.81(0.59–1.11) | 0.79(0.58–1.08) | 0.84(0.61–1.16) | 0.82(0.59–1.14) |
| Procedure | 0.90(0.85–0.96) | 0.90(0.85–0.96) | 0.90(0.85–0.96) | 0.92(0.86–0.97) |
- a“Demographic” includes gender, age group, and race/ethnicity; “socioeconomic” includes residence type, insurance type, and census region; “visiting & clinical” includes year, day of the week, arrival by ambulance, seen within last 72 h, pain level, temperature, heart rate, dialytic blood pressure, injury status, and reason for visit
