Table 1 Survey Participants Demographics and Injury Severity
|  | All Respondents (N = 93) | Patient Group (N = 36) | Surrogate Group (N = 57) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Male sex—no. (%) | 34 (36.6) | 22 (61.1) | 12 (21.1) | < 0.001 |
Race—no. (%) | ||||
 Not reported | 3 (3.2) | 1 (2.8) | 2 (3.5) | 0.827 |
 Asian | 2 (2.2) | 1 (2.8) | 1 (1.8) |  |
 Black | 1 (1.1) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.8) |  |
 Hispanic | 2 (2.2) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (3.5) |  |
 Multicultural | 3 (3.2) | 1 (2.8) | 2 (3.5) |  |
 White | 82 (88.2) | 33 (91.7) | 49 (86.0) |  |
Median age (IQR)—years | 52 (39–61) | 50 (33–57) | 54 (43–61) | 0.101 |
Median hospital length of stay (IQR)—days | 20 (8–30) | 21 (7.8–31) | 19.5 (8–29.3) | 0.830 |
Median length of mechanical ventilation (IQR)—days | 5 (1–13.8) | 4.5 (0–12.3) | 6.5 (1.8–15) | 0.324 |
Median Injury Severity Score (IQR) | 22 (13–33) | 20.5 (12–33.3) | 22 (13–30.8) | 0.916 |
Injury caused by blunt trauma—no. (%) | 77 (91.7) | 31 (91.2) | 46 (92.0) | 0.893 |
Prehospital intubation—no. (%) | 25 (29.8) | 5 (14.7) | 20 (40.0) | 0.013 |
Procedures in 1st 24 h—no. (%) | 59 (70.2) | 24 (70.6) | 35 (70.0) | 0.954 |
Transported from scene of injury—no. (%) | 64 (76.2) | 25 (73.5) | 39 (78.0) | 0.637 |
Median time between interview and enrollment (IQR)—years | 3.5 (2.3–4.0) | 3.24 (2.2–3.9) | 3.5 (2.3–4.1) | 0.636 |
Education level —no. (%) | ||||
 Not reported | 3 (3.2) | 1 (2.8) | 2 (3.5) | 0.479 |
 Less than high school | 1 (1.1) | 1 (2.8) | 0 (0.0) |  |
 Some high school | 2 (2.2) | 1 (2.8) | 1 (1.8) |  |
 High school graduate | 27 (29.0) | 8 (22.2) | 19 (33.3) |  |
 Technical college | 1 (1.1) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.8) |  |
 Some college | 25 (26.9) | 11 (30.6) | 14 (24.6) |  |
 College graduate | 22 (23.7) | 7 (19.4) | 15 (26.3) |  |
 Some postgraduate | 1 (1.1) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.8) |  |
 Postgraduate | 11 (11.8) | 7 (19.4) | 4 (7.0) |  |
Employment status—no. (%) | ||||
 Not reported | 3 (3.2) | 1 (2.8) | 2 (3.5) | < 0.001 |
 Disabled | 12 (12.9) | 10 (27.8) | 2 (3.5) |  |
 Employed full-time | 46 (49.5) | 11 (30.6) | 35 (61.4) |  |
 Employed part-time | 6 (6.5) | 1 (2.8) | 5 (8.8) |  |
 Employed part-time, student | 1 (1.1) | 1 (2.8) | 0 (0.0) |  |
 Not employed | 4 (4.3) | 4 (11.1) | 0 (0.0) |  |
 Retired | 18 (19.4) | 5 (13.9) | 13 (22.8) |  |
 Seasonal | 1 (1.1) | 1 (2.8) | 0 (0.0) |  |
 Student | 2 (2.2) | 2 (5.6) | 0 (0.0) |  |
Annual family income (before taxes) —no. (%) | ||||
 Not reported | 6 (6.5) | 4 (11.1) | 2 (3.5) | 0.031 |
 <$5000 | 7 (7.5) | 2 (5.6) | 5 (8.8) |  |
 $5000–$19,999 | 6 (6.5) | 6 (16.7) | 0 (0.0) |  |
 $20,000–$39,999 | 23 (24.7) | 9 (25.0) | 14 (24.6) |  |
 $40,000–$59,999 | 12 (12.9) | 3 (8.3) | 9 (15.8) |  |
 $60,000–$79,999 | 11 (11.8) | 3 (8.3) | 8 (14.0) |  |
 >$80,000 | 28 (30.1) | 9 (25.0) | 19 (33.3) |  |
Medical insurance coverage—no. (%) | 89 (95.7) | 35 (97.2) | 54 (94.7) | 0.711 |
Previous medical research involvement—no. (%) | 14 (15.1) | 8 (22.2) | 6 (10.5) | 0.124 |
Previous refusal of medical research involvement—no. (%) | 6 (6.5) | 1 (2.8) | 5 (8.8) | 0.252 |