Table 1 Baseline characteristics

Age, mean ± SD (years)

63.1 ± 13.4

64.3 ± 13.3

0.492

67.0 ± 12.9

62.6 ± 13.4

0.026

Sex (male), n (%)

62 (56.4%)

73 (56.6%)

0.972

33 (53.2%)

102 (57.6%)

0.547

 Diabetes mellitus

68 (61.8%)

62 (48.1%)

0.033

31 (50.0%)

94 (53.1%)

0.673

 Hepatobiliary benign disease

49 (44.6%)

39 (30.2%)

0.022

18 (29.0%)

70 (39.6%)

0.140

 Underlying malignancy

10 (9.1%)

9 (7.0%)

0.547

5 (8.1%)

14 (7.9%)

0.969

 Abdominal surgery history

27 (24.6%)

16 (12.4%)

0.015

7 (11.3%)

36 (20.3%)

0.110

 Fever (BT > 37.3 °C)

98 (89.1%)

118 (91.5%)

0.534

57 (91.9%)

159 (89.8%)

0.629

 Abdominal pain

37 (33.6%)

37 (28.7%)

0.409

21 (33.9%)

53 (29.9%)

0.565

 General Weakness

21 (19.1%)

25 (19.4%)

0.955

16 (25.8%)

30 (17.0%)

0.128

 Abscess location, n (%)

0.449

0.692

 Right lobe

87 (79.1%)

93 (72.1%)

45 (72.6%)

135 (76.3%)

 Left lobe

19 (17.3%)

29 (22.5%)

13 (21.0%)

35 (19.8%)

 Both lobes

4 (3.6%)

7 (5.4%)

4 (6.5%)

7 (4.0%)

 Abscess number, n (%)

0.054

0.146

 Solitary abscess

99 (90.8%)

106 (82.2%)

50 (80.7%)

155 (88.1%)

 Multiple abscess

10 (9.2%)

23 (17.8%)

12 (19.4%)

21 (11.9%)

 Average size of abscess (cm)

6.1 ± 2.8

5.9 ± 2.4

0.515

5.9 ± 2.8

6.1 ± 2.6

0.632

 Leucocytes (×10⁹/L)

10.3 ± 4.3

11.4 ± 5.1

0.063

12.5 ± 4.8

10.4 ± 4.7

0.002

 C-reactive protein (mg/L)

107.2 ± 63.8

130.3 ± 59.7

0.004

130.9 ± 61.9

115.8 ± 62.5

0.102

 Procalcitonin (ng/ml)

5.0 (0.4–9.8)

4.3 (0.5–11.6)

0.759

6.1 (1.5–12.7)

3.3 (0.3–10.5)

0.065

 Time of oral preliminary blood culture report (days)

1.0 ± 0.2

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

 Time of blood culture result (days)

6.0 ± 0.5

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

 Positive Blood Culture rate, n (%)

44 (40.0%)

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

 Positive ESBL rate, n (%)

8 (7.3%)

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

 SOFA scores

0.0 (0.0–2.0)

0.0 (0.0–2.0)

0.589

1.0 (0.0–2.0)

0.0 (0.0–1.0)

0.002

 Sepsis, n (%)

31 (28.2%)

36 (27.9%)

0.962

28 (45.2%)

39 (22.0%)

< 0.001

 Septic shock, n (%)

2 (1.8%)

7 (5.4%)

0.144

7 (11.3%)

2 (1.1%)

< 0.001

 Cephalosporins

99 (90.0%)

118 (91.5%)

0.695

48 (77.4%)

169 (95.5%)

< 0.001

 Piperacillin/tazobactam

4 (3.6%)

7 (5.4%)

0.510

2 (3.2%)

9 (5.1%)

0.733

 Quinolones

39 (35.5%)

45 (34.9%)

0.927

12 (19.4%)

72 (40.7%)

0.002

 Metronidazole

30 (27.3%)

48 (37.2%)

0.102

9 (14.5%)

69 (39.0%)

< 0.001

 Glycopeptides

4 (3.6%)

4 (3.1%)

0.819

2 (3.2%)

6 (3.4%)

0.951

 Carbapenem

21 (19.1%)

41 (31.8%)

0.026

62 (100.0%)

NA

NA

 Antibiotics option, n (%)

0.325

0.002

 Combined

87 (79.1%)

95 (73.7%)

54 (87.1%)

118 (66.7%)

 Single

23 (20.9%)

34 (26.4%)

8 (12.9%)

59 (33.3%)

 In-hospital mortality, n (%)

4 (3.6%)

5 (3.9%)

0.923

6 (9.7%)

3 (1.7%)

0.004

 Length of hospitalization (days)

13.0 (9.0–19.0)

15.0 (13.0–22.0)

< 0.001

19.5 (14.0–25.8)

14.0 (10.0–19.0)

< 0.001

 Clinical recovery (days)

2.0 (1.0–4.0)

2.0 (1.0–4.0)

0.794

3.0 (2.0–6.0)

2.0 (1.0–4.0)

0.075