Table 2 Baseline characteristics for Level-1/2/3 Trauma Centers
From: Identifying trauma patients with benefit from direct transportation to Level-1 trauma centers
Level-1 Trauma Centers | Level-2 Trauma Centers | Level-3 Trauma Centers | Missing | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
N | 226,640 | 137,398 | 24,807 | |
Age (median [IQR]) | 51 [32, 68] | 54 [34, 71] | 58 [37, 75] | 0.0 |
Male (%) | 150,334 (66.3) | 87,838 (63.9) | 14,719 (59.3) | 0.0 |
Charlson comorbidty index > 2 | 6189 (2.7) | 4181 (3.0) | 945 (3.8) | 0.0 |
ISS (median [IQR]) | 10 [6, 17] | 10 [5, 17] | 9 [5, 14] | 0.0 |
ISS > 15 (%) | 77,001 (34.0) | 39,054 (28.4) | 5150 (20.8) | 0.0 |
AIS Head > 2 (%) | 63,055 (27.8) | 36,000 (26.2) | 5264 (21.2) | 0.0 |
AIS Thorax > 2 (%) | 55,170 (24.3) | 29,675 (21.6) | 4736 (19.1) | 0.0 |
AIS Face > 2 (%) | 2391 (1.1) | 1103 (0.8) | 152 (0.6) | 0.0 |
AIS Abdomen > 2 (%) | 16,388 (7.2) | 7422 (5.4) | 1015 (4.1) | 0.0 |
AIS Spine > 2 (%) | 16,714 (7.4) | 9229 (6.7) | 1382 (5.6) | 0.0 |
AIS Extremity > 2 (%) | 26,714 (11.8) | 14,179 (10.3) | 2355 (9.5) | 0.0 |
AIS Other > 2 (%) | 1000 (0.4) | 297 (0.2) | 73 (0.3) | 0.0 |
Prehospital features | ||||
Oxygen saturation (median [IQR]) | 98 [95, 99] | 97 [95, 99] | 97 [95, 98] | 45.4 |
Respiration rate (median [IQR]) | 18 [16, 20] | 18 [16, 20] | 18 [16, 20] | 35.3 |
Pulse (median [IQR]) | 90 [78, 104] | 89 [77, 102] | 88 [76, 100] | 33.6 |
Systolic blood pressure (median [IQR]) | 136 [118, 153] | 138 [120, 156] | 140 [122, 158] | 34.2 |
Hypotension (SBP < 90) (%) | 6291 (4.7) | 4172 (4.1) | 691 (3.5) | 34.2 |
Glasgow Coma Score (median [IQR]) | 15 [15, 15] | 15 [15, 15] | 15 [15, 15] | 1.5 |
Comatose (GCS < 8) (%) | 19,352 (8.7) | 9251 (6.8) | 1192 (4.9) | 1.5 |
Intubated (%) | 10,233 (4.5) | 5529 (4.0) | 457 (1.8) | 0.1 |
Travel time to first hospital (median [IQR]) | 52 [36, 76] | 47 [34, 67] | 42 [33, 57] | 24.4 |
Outcome measures | ||||
Transferred from other hospital (%) | 87,684 (38.7) | 35,335 (25.7) | 2438 (9.8) | 0.0 |
Length of stay (median [IQR]) | 4 [2, 8] | 4 [2, 7] | 3 [1, 5] | 2.3 |
In-hospital mortality (%) | 12,890 (6.1) | 7265 (5.7) | 808 (4.5) | 8.1 |