From: EMS non-conveyance: A safe practice to decrease ED crowding or a threat to patient safety?
Odds Ratio Estimates | EMS re-contact 0–24 h | EMS re-contact 24–48 h | Visit to primary health care 0–24 h | Visit to primary health care 24–48 h | Visit to ED 0–24 h | Visit to ED 24–48 h | Hospitalization 0–24 h |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Adjusted OR (95%) | Adjusted OR (95%) | Adjusted OR (95%) | Adjusted OR (95%) | Adjusted OR (95%) | Adjusted OR (95%) | Adjusted OR (95%) | |
Mission priority | |||||||
CD vs. AB | 0.975 (0.814–1.168) | 1.249 (0.930–1.676) | 1.488 (1.254–1.767) | 1.585 (1.167–2.155) | 1.258 (1.007–1.571) | 0.935 (0.570–1.534) | 1.214 (0.752–1.961) |
EMS arrival time | |||||||
20:00–8:00 vs. 8:00–20:00 | 1.180 (1.007–1.383) | 0.913 (0.714–1.168) | 1.818 (1.579–2.094) | 1.113 (0.872–1.420) | 1.530 (1.269–1.845) | 1.068 (0.685–1.664) | 1.235 (0.838–1.819) |
EMS units | |||||||
ALS vs. BLS | 0.933 (0.759–1.147) | 0.972 (0.709–1.333) | 1.431 (1.155–1.773) | 1.123 (0.805–1.566) | 0.612 (0.489–0.766) | 0.737 (0.423–1.284) | 1.132 (0.712–1.799) |
Rural vs. urban | 0.835 (0.709–0.983) | 1.011 (0.790–1.293) | 1.735 (1.511–1.993) | 1.497 (1.175–1.907) | 1.008 (0.834–1.219) | 1.346 (0.866–2.090) | 1.188 (0.802–1.761) |
Age, years | |||||||
< 15 vs. 15–64 | 0.241 (0.099–0.590) | 0.341 (0.107–1.086) | 0.545 (0.341–0.871) | 0.618 (0.284–1.347) | 0.898 (0.552–1.459) | 0.963 (0.289–3.211) | 0.429 (0.119–1.543) |
65–84 vs. 15–64 | 1.594 (1.326–1.917) | 1.561 (1.177–2.071) | 1.411 (1.203–1.656) | 1.339 (1.015–1.765) | 0.836 (0.676–1.033) | 1.039 (0.616–1.753) | 1.442 (0.918–2.267) |
> 85 vs. 15–64 | 1.712 (1.354–2.165) | 1.507 (1.045–2.173) | 1.147 (0.931–1.412) | 0.994 (0.686–1.439) | 0.828 (0.626–1.095) | 1.427 (0.772–2.639) | 2.139 (1.204–3.799) |
Alcohol | 1.370 (1.100–1.707) | 1.376 (0.977–1.938) | 0.373 (0.284–0.489) | 0.433 (0.273–0.685) | 0.567 (0.422–0.760) | 0.622 (0.299–1.290) | 0.723 (0.381–1.374) |
Reason for non-conveyance | |||||||
Patient was handed over to police vs. treatment at scene | 1.086 (0.665–1.773) | 0.836 (0.359–1.948) | 0.539 (0.262–1.106) | 0.211 (0.029–1.527) | 2.161 (1.338–3.489) | 2.157 (0.632–7.358) | 0.773 (0.268–2.223) |
Patient refused conveyance vs. treatment at scen | 1.792 (1.370–2.344) | 1.324 (0.837–2.093) | 0.776 (0.544–1.107) | 1.100 (0.653–1.853) | 1.292 (0.899–1.856) | 1.669 (0.746–3.733) | 2.190 (1.073–4.471) |
Univariate OR (95%) | Univariate OR (95%) | Univariate OR (95%) | Univariate OR (95%) | Univariate OR (95%) | Univariate OR (95%) | Univariate OR (95%) | |
Mission Priority | |||||||
Non-urgent vs. urgent | 1.089 (0.915–1.295) | 1.367 (1.028–1.818) | 1.493 (1.267–1.760) | 1.587 (1.177–2.141) | 1.217 (0.987–1.500) | 0.981 (0.607–1.583) | 1.402 (0.899–2.186) |
EMS arrival time | |||||||
20:00–8:00 vs. 8:00–20:00 | 1.160 (0.998–1.349) | 0.951 (0.753–1.201) | 1.748 (1.528–1.999) | 1.079 (0.852–1.365) | 1.433 (1.201–1.710) | 0.984 (0.642–1.507) | 1.199 (0.834–1.723) |
EMS units | |||||||
ALS vs. BLS | 0.895 (0.736–1.089) | 0.877 (0.649–1.184) | 1.574 (1.285–1.928) | 1.139 (0.825–1.572) | 0.668 (0.542–0.824) | 0.717 (0.430–1.196) | 1.094 (0.713–1.680) |
Rural vs. urban | 0.874 (0.746–1.024) | 0.952 (0.751–1.208) | 1.763 (1.542–2.016) | 1.541 (1.217–1.951) | 0.928 (0.770–1.117) | 1.229 (0.835–1.990) | 1.249 (0.857–1.821) |
Age, years | |||||||
< 15 vs. 15–64 | 0.191 (0.079–0.466) | 0.299 (0.095–0.947) | 0.720 (0.462–1.121) | 0.745 (0.344–1.614) | 0.894 (0.561–1.425) | 0.947 (0.290–3.094) | 0.420 (0.119–1.478) |
65–84 vs. 15–64 | 1.381 (1.166–1.635) | 1.535 (1.182–1.994) | 1.681 (1.449–1.953) | 1.645 (1.265–2.139) | 0.851 (0.698–1.036) | 1.000 (0.611–1.637) | 1.587 (1.056–2.384) |
> 85 vs. 15–64 | 1.425 (1.154–1.760) | 1.439 (1.032–2.007) | 1.363 (1.121–1.657) | 1.209 (0.846–1.727) | 0.848 (0.654–1.100) | 1.440 (0.820–2.532) | 2.206 (1.310–3.715) |
Alcohol | 1.307 (1.080–1.581) | 1.157 (0.854–1.569) | 0.372 (0.290–0.479) | 0.768 (0.591–0.998) | 0.682 (0.352–1.321) | 0.682 (0.352–1.321) | 0.689 (0.391–1.211) |
Reason for non-conveyance | |||||||
Patient was handed over to police vs. treatment at scene | 1.065 (0.665–1.707) | 0.804 (0.355–1.822) | 0.357 (0.189–0.672) | 0.121 (0.017–0.866) | 1.851 (1.198–2.861) | 1.455 (0.456–4.642) | 0.657 (0.254–1.699) |
Patient refused conveyance vs. treatment at scene | 1.794 (1.390–2.315) | 1.293 (0.831–2.012) | 0.537 (0.380–0.760) | 0.834 (0.501–1.390) | 1.205 (0.854–1.699) | 1.374 (0.631–2.992) | 1.763 (0.899–3.455) |