Table 1 Study characteristics (grouped by intervention)
Author | Year | Location | Study design | N |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Benzodiazepines alone | ||||
 Benzodiazepines vs. placebo | ||||
  D’Onofrio G, Rathlev NK, Ulrich AS, Fish SS, Freedland ES [31] | 1999 | United States | Randomized controlled trial | 186 |
  Naranjo CA, Sellers EM, Chater K, Iversen P, Roach C, Sykora K [32] | 1983 | Canada | Randomized controlled trial | 41 |
 Benzodiazepine selection | ||||
  Scheuermeyer FX, Miles I, Lane DJ, Grunau B, Grafstein E, Sljivic I, et al. [32] | 2020 | Canada | Retrospective chart review | 898 |
 Symptom-triggered therapy | ||||
  Ismail MF, Doherty K, Bradshaw P, O’Sullivan I, Cassidy EM [33] | 2019 | Ireland | Retrospective chart review | 174 |
  Cassidy EM, O’Sullivan I, Bradshaw P, Islam T, Onovo C [35] | 2012 | Ireland | Retrospective chart review | 99 |
Combined phenobarbital and benzodiazepines | ||||
 Ibarra Jr. F [36] | 2020 | United States | Retrospective chart review | 78 |
 Sullivan SM, Dewey BN, Jarrell DJ, Vadiei N, Patanwala AE [34] | 2019 | United States | Retrospective cohort study | 209 |
 Rosenson J, Clements C, Simon B, Vieaux J, Graffman S, Vahidnia F, et al. [35] | 2013 | United States | Randomized controlled trial | 198 |
Phenobarbital alone | ||||
 Nelson AC, Kehoe J, Sankoff J, Mintzer D, Taub J, Kaucher KA [36] | 2019 | United States | Retrospective cohort study | 300 |
 Hendey GW, Dery RA, Barnes RL, Snowden B, Mentler P [40] | 2011 | United States | Randomized controlled trial | 44 |
Phenytoin alone | ||||
 Rathlev NK, D’Onofrio G, Fish SS, Harrison PM, Bernstein E, Hossack RW, et al. [37] | 1994 | United States | Randomized controlled trial | 100 |
 Chance JF [42] | 1991 | United States | Randomized controlled trial | 55 |
 Alldredge BK, Lowenstein DH, Simon RP [38] | 1989 | United States | Randomized controlled trial | 90 |