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Table 1 In- and exclusion criteria for Methoxyflurane (Penthrop®) administration

From: Usability and effectiveness of inhaled methoxyflurane for prehospital analgesia - a prospective, observational study

Inclusion criteria

Exclusion criteria

• Age ≥ 18 years

• Moderate-to-severe pain (NRS ≥ 4) secondary to minor trauma (e.g. fractures, luxation of big joints)

• Conscious patients

• Ability to give verbal informed consent

• Refusal of participation in this trial

• Known personal or familial hypersensitivity to fluorinated anaesthetics, esp. malignant hyperthermia, or opioids

• Respiratory depression

• Cardiovascular instability

• Need for induction of general anaesthesia or deep analgosedation

• Renal or hepatic impairment

• Inability to understand the purpose of the study, perform self-assessments and give verbal informed consent

• Degenerative diseases or mental illness that may interfere with pain intensity evaluation

• Acute intoxication with drugs or alcohol

• Severe head/brain trauma

• Life-threatening condition requiring immediate admission to the operating room or intensive care unit

• Ongoing use of opioid analgesic agents for chronic pain

• Pregnancy or lactation

  1. NRS numeric rating scale