| Single dose administration of Penthrop® | Insufficient analgesia with Penthrop® or additional analgesics | p |
---|---|---|---|
 | 67 | 42 |  |
Population characteristics | |||
 Sex (female/male) | 31/36 (46.3/53.7) | 19/23 (45.2/54.8) | 0.75 |
 Age | 54 (38.0–70.0) | 43 (26.8–56.0) | 0.01 |
 BMI | 24.8 (22.8–27.6) | 26.4 (23.4–28.5) | 0.31 |
 NRS 0 min | 7.0 (6.0–8.0) | 8.0 (7.0–9.0) | 0.013 |
 HEMS patients | 22 (32.8%) | 16 (38.1%) | 0.58 |
Secondary outcome parameters | |||
 NRS 5 min | 5.0 (3.0–6.0) | 7.0 (6.0–8.0) | < 0.0001 |
 NRS 10 min | 4.0 (3.0–5.0) | 6.0 (4.0–7.5) | < 0.0001 |
 NRS 15 min | 4.0 (3.0–5.0) | 3.5 (2.0–8.0) | 0.69 |
 NRS 20 min | 4.0 (3.0–5.0) | 4.0 (2.0–7.0) | 0.66 |
 NRS 30 min | 4.0 (2.0–5.0) | 4.5 (2.3–8.5) | 0.37 |
 Onset of analgesia (min) | 3.0 (3.0–4.3) | 4.0 (3.0–5.0) | 0.22 |
 Duration of treatment (min) | 15.0 (10.0–20.0) | 10.0 (5.0–18.8) | < 0.0001 |
 User friendliness (EMS personell) | 1.0 (1.0–2.0) | 1.0 (1.0–3.0) | 0.53 |
 User satisfaction (EMS personell) | 1.0 (1.0–2.0) | 3.0 (2.0–4.0) | < 0.0001 |
 Patient satisfaction with pain therapy | 1.0 (1.0–2.0) | 3.0 (2.0–5.0) | < 0.0001 |
 Patient satisfaction with prehospital care | 1.0 (1.0–1.0) | 1.0 (1.0–2.0) | 0.081 |
 iv access | 15 (22.4%) | 42 (100%) | < 0.0001 |
 side effects | 32 (47.8%) | 26 (61.9%) | 0.15 |
 technical problems | 10 (14.9%) | 6 (14.3%) | 0.92 |