Table 1 Constructs and items of the ED-HFH tool and their item characteristics in the field test
Construct | Item | Median [1st quartile; 3rd quartile] | Mean ± SD | Mode | Range | Floor, No. (%) | Ceiling, No. (%) | Not relevant, No. (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Teamwork | 1. All relevant information was shared between the ED and Ambulance team | 5 [4;5] | 4.5 ± 0.8 | 5 | 2–5 | 0 (0) | 87 (65.9) | 1 (0.8) |
Teamwork | 3. Ambulance service and ED team jointly assured the handover was complete. | 4 [4;5] | 4.2 ± 1.0 | 5 | 1–5 | 2 (1.5) | 64 (48.5) | 1 (0.8) |
Teamwork | 4. A good and collegial contact was established actively at the beginning of the handover. | 5 [4;5] | 4.3 ± 0.9 | 5 | 1–5 | 1 (0.8) | 68 (51.1) | 0 (0) |
Teamwork | 7. In order to focus on the handover. Side activities were deliberately interrupted (e.g. moving the patient from one bed to another. Take off monitoring. undress). | 4 [3;5] | 4 ± 1.2 | 5 | 1–5 | 8 (6.5) | 60 (48.4) | 9 (6.8) |
Teamwork | 8.e Tasks to be completed were assigned to the ED personal (e.g. completing monitoring. Venous catheter. Current medication). | 4 [3;5] | 3.9 ± 1.3 | 5 | 1–5 | 10 (8.7) | 49 (42.6) | 18 (13.5) |
Teamwork | 11.i There were tensions within the teams during the handover. | 1 [1;1] | 1.3 ± 0.7 | 1 | 1–5 | 100 (76.3) | 2 (1.5) | 2 (1.5) |
Information transfer | 2. All needed written information was handed over (including patient chart. Medication protocol. Living will etcetera) | 5 [4;5] | 4.5 ± 0.8 | 5 | 2–5 | 0 (0) | 84 (63.2) | 0 (0) |
Information transfer | 10. The handover was a good opportunity for the person taking on responsibility for the patient to ask questions. | 5 [4;5] | 4.3 ± 0.9 | 5 | 2–5 | 0 (0) | 71 (54.2) | 2 (1.5) |
Information transfer | 12. The participants of the handover were asked to complete missing information and clarify outstanding issues. | 4 [3;5] | 3.6 ± 1.2 | 5 | 1–5 | 6 (5) | 33 (27.3) | 12 (9) |
Information transfer | 16.e Concerns about risks to patient care concerning infection. Germs. danger to themselves or others were expressed. | 4 [2;5] | 3.5 ± 1.4 | 5 | 1–5 | 15 (13.5) | 39 (35.1) | 22 (16.5) |
Information transfer | 17.e Actions to prevent adverse patient outcome were articulated. | 4 [2;5] | 3.3 ± 1.4 | 5 | 1–5 | 13 (13.1) | 26 (26.3) | 34 (25.6) |
Situational awareness | 5.e Unfamiliar members of the teams introduced themselves to each other. | 3 [2;4] | 3.2 ± 1.4 | 5 | 1–5 | 14 (12.3) | 28 (24.6) | 19 (14.3) |
Situational awareness | 6. The new person responsible for the patient was clearly chosen. | 4 [3;5] | 3.9 ± 1.3 | 5 | 1–5 | 6 (4.7) | 62 (48.1) | (4) 3 |
Situational awareness | 15. The patient’s condition is evaluated from the emergency call until handover as: stable. Improving. deteriorating. | 4 [4;5] | 4.2 ± 1 | 5 | 1–5 | 2 (1.7) | 60 (49.6) | 12 (9) |
Respectful interactions | 9. The responsible persons listened very carefully. | 5 [4;5] | 4.5 ± 0.8 | 5 | 1–5 | 2 (1.5) | 81 (60.9) | 0 (0) |
Respectful interactions | 13.ii The handover was objective at every moment. | 5 [4;5] | 4.6 ± 0.7 | 5 | 1–5 | 1 (0.8) | 99 (74.4) | 0 (0) |
Respectful interactions | 14. The patient perceiving the handover and listening to the participants was considered carefully. | 4 [3;5] | 4 ± 1.1 | 5 | 1–5 | 2 (1.7) | 48 (39.7) | 12 (9) |
Respectful interactions | 18. The handover was characterised by mutual respect. | 5 [4;5] | 4.5 ± 0.8 | 5 | 1–5 | 2 (1.5) | 88 (66.2) | 0 (0) |
Working environment | 19. There were personnel bottlenecks affecting the handover. | 2 [1;3] | 2 ± 1.3 | 1 | 1–5 | 62 (48.1) | 11 (8.5) | 4 (3) |
Working environment | 20. The ED Team was under time pressure | 2 [1;3] | 2.3 ± 1.3 | 1 | 1–5 | 46 (35.4) | 10 (7.7) | 3 (2.3) |
Working environment | 21. The ambulance service was under time pressure. | 2 [1;3] | 2 ± 1.1 | 1 | 1–5 | 58 (44.6) | 7 (5.4) | 3 (2.3) |
Working environment | 22. The handover was interrupted (by phone calls. Newly entering personal. Etc.) | 1 [1;2] | 1.7 ± 1.1 | 1 | 1–5 | 83 (63.8) | 9 (4.6) | 3 (2.3) |
Working environment | 23. The case handed over was very complex. | 2 [1;3] | 2.3 ± 1.2 | 2 | 1–5 | 36 (27.7) | 8 (6.2) | 3 (2.3) |