Table 2 EEG during acute clinical assessment to identify ischaemic versus haemorrhagic stroke
Reference | Reference standard | Participants | Key exclusions | First EEG start time after onset (h) | EEG procedure | EEG processing | EEG biomarker | Result | Quality score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Vespa 2003 [38] | CT/Specialist opinion | 46 Ischaemic Stroke patients, 63 Haemorrhagic Stroke patients | Traumatic head/brain injury, SAH |  < 24 | Bedside | Online (hospital staff) or offline (EEG segment review or total power trend seizure detection method) seizure detection and classification (focal, hemispheric or generalised) | Epileptiform activity | Haemorrhagic patients exhibited more electrographic seizures (27.8%) vs ischaemic patients (6%) (OR 5.7, 95% CI 1.4 to 26.5, p < 0.004; AUC = 0.61, sensitivity = 28.6%, specificity = 93.5% for haemorrhage) (diagnostic accuracy extrapolated from true and false positive and negative values) | 4 |
Rodriguez 2012 [29] | CT/Specialist opinion | 29 Ischaemic Stroke patients, 15 Haemorrhagic Stroke patients (all MCA) | Not Reported |  < 72 | Not Reported | Not Reported | Relative spectral power (all bands, DAR, power ratio index) | Ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke significantly differed in the alpha–beta range (earlier, more abrupt decrease in haemorrhage) but PRI and DAR did not differentiate between stroke subtypes Versus normative data, Haemorrhagic patients exhibited a significant decrease in frequencies > 8.59 Hz and Ischaemic patients exhibited significant increase in frequencies < 6.25 Hz and significant decrease in alpha–beta (> 9.38 Hz). (Abstract only—no statistics given) | 3 |