Pain management of nalbuphine and sufentanil in patients admitted intensive care unit of different ages

BMC Emergency Medicine

Table 3 Patients admitted to intensive care units receiving sufentanil or nalbuphine at each time point

	0 h	1 h	3 h	5 h	12 h	24 h	p-value^a
CPOT
Sufentanil	3.42 ± 1.37	2.63 ± 1.50	1.92 ± 1.44	1.29 ± 1.16	1.05 ± 1.13	0.92 ± 1.09	< 0.001
Nalbuphine	3.43 ± 1.36	2.20 ± 1.16	1.60 ± 1.03	1.28 ± 1.04	1.05 ± 0.89	0.95 ± 0.92	< 0.001
p-value^b	0.990	0.157	0.260	0.954	0.991	0.897
RASS
Sufentanil	1.61 ± 0.79	0.82 ± 0.87	0.50 ± 0.86	0.16 ± 0.79	0.00 ± 0.62	-0.03 ± 0.50	< 0.001
Nalbuphine	1.48 ± 0.88	0.75 ± 1.10	0.38 ± 0.90	-0.18 ± 1.01	-0.21 ± 1.06	-0.41 ± 1.02	< 0.001
p-value^b	0.493	0.771	0.533	0.110	0.304	0.040
SBP (mm/Hg)
Sufentanil	128.21 ± 3.43	124.97 ± 3.04	123.45 ± 3.61	123.84 ± 2.91	124.51 ± 2.76	126.42 ± 2.90	0.912
Nalbuphine	124.05 ± 3.12	125.08 ± 2.70	121.95 ± 2.47	118.25 ± 2.37	118.13 ± 2.48	121.18 ± 2.66	0.286
p-value^b	0.371	0.980	0.731	0.139	0.089	0.186
DBP (mm/Hg)
Sufentanil	71.26 ± 2.07	69.34 ± 1.53	66.87 ± 1.85	65.92 ± 2.23	69.89 ± 1.63	69.44 ± 1.73	0.418
Nalbuphine	75.20 ± 1.88	75.45 ± 1.68	73.05 ± 1.45	71.13 ± 1.54	68.46 ± 1.44	70.67 ± 1.55	0.010
p-value^b	0.162	0.009	0.010	0.056	0.511	0.599
HR (bpm/min)
Sufentanil	99.71 ± 3.85	98.26 ± 3.90	95.89 ± 3.49	94.58 ± 3.41	92.27 ± 3.08	92.25 ± 3.47	0.580
Nalbuphine	92.78 ± 3.27	91.13 ± 3.05	88.28 ± 3.09	86.70 ± 2.91	88.31 ± 3.03	89.28 ± 2.82	0.766
p-value^b	0.172	0.151	0.105	0.082	0.362	0.507
SpO₂ (%)
Sufentanil	97.34 ± 0.64	97.87 ± 0.34	98.08 ± 0.31	97.79 ± 0.37	98.16 ± 0.32	98.00 ± 0.64	0.872
Nalbuphine	96.52 ± 1.05	97.43 ± 0.67	97.51 ± 0.64	98.10 ± 0.32	98.41 ± 0.28	97.72 ± 0.42	0.296
p-value^b	0.510	0.561	0.430	0.525	0.562	0.709

Abbreviation: CPOT Critical Care Pain Observation Tool, RASS Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, HR, heart rate, SpO₂, oxygen saturation
Data were presented as mean ± standard error (SE) or median with inter-quartile range (IQR). Bold indicates a statistically significant difference with a p-value less than 0.05
^aThe P-value was calculated using the generalized estimating equation method
^bThe Student t test was used to analyze the differences between groups at indicated time points

ISSN: 1471-227X