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Table 3 Comparison of general characteristics, laboratory values, intensive care measures and outcome parameters between different substance categories in intoxicated patients.

From: Management of intoxicated patients – a descriptive outcome analysis of 4,267 ICU patients

 

Alcohols(1) (n=521)

Analgesics(2) (n=485)

Antidepressants(3) (n=303)

Others(4) (n=784)

Sedatives(5) (n=1,257)

Street drugs(6) (n=863)

Drug toxicity(7) (n=54)

p-value

Age (years) – median (IQR)

43 (32-52)

38 (25-53)

37 (27-49)

39 (28-52)

44 (33-54)

38 (28-51)

70 (49-83)

<0.001*

Age category

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

<0.001*

 Age <65 years

96% (502)

90% (436)

96% (292)

92% (718)

92% (1,158)

93% (806)

41% (22)

-

 Age 65-79 years

3% (16)

8% (41)

3% (9)

5% (43)

6% (81)

5% (42)

26% (14)

-

 Age ≥80 years

1% (3)

2% (8)

1% (2)

3% (23)

1% (18)

2% (15)

33% (18)

-

Sex

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

<0.001*

 Female

36% (187)

68% (329)

65% (196)

56% (441)

62% (775)

43% (368)

69% (37)

-

 Male

64% (332)

32% (156)

35% (107)

44% (342)

38% (481)

57% (494)

31% (17)

-

 Unknown

0% (1)

0% (0)

0% (0)

0% (0)

0% (1)

0% (1)

0% (0)

-

BMI (kg/m2) – median (IQR)

25 (22-29)

27 (23-32)

26 (23-32)

27 (23-32)

27 (23-32)

26 (23-31)

26 (23-30)

<0.001*

BMI categories (WHO)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

<0.001*

 BMI <18.5 kg/m2

5% (26)

6% (26)

4% (11)

4% (29)

4% (47)

2% (20)

2% (1)

-

 BMI 18.5-<25 kg/m2

43% (216)

34% (160)

34% (99)

35% (263)

32% (392)

38% (318)

38% (20)

-

 BMI 25-<30 kg/m2

32% (161)

28% (132)

30% (88)

29% (222)

28% (343)

31% (261)

32% (17)

-

 BMI ≥30 kg/m2

20% (100)

31% (146)

32% (95)

33% (248)

35% (426)

28% (231)

28% (15)

-

Ethnicity

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

<0.001*

 African American

6% (33)

8% (38)

7% (21)

10% (80)

5% (64)

10% (81)

13% (7)

-

 Asian

1% (7)

2% (11)

0% (1)

1% (11)

1% (8)

1% (7)

0% (0)

-

 Caucasian

81% (412)

79% (368)

87% (259)

80% (608)

88% (1,077)

82% (699)

74% (39)

-

 Hispanic

4% (19)

3% (15)

1% (3)

3% (23)

2% (30)

2% (18)

8% (4)

-

 Native American

2% (12)

2% (7)

1% (3)

2% (13)

1% (14)

1% (5)

0% (0)

-

 Other/Unknown

5% (27)

6% (27)

3% (10)

4% (28)

2% (27)

5% (40)

6% (3)

-

SOFA-score (pts.) – median (IQR)

3 (1-4)

2 (1-4)

2 (1-4)

3 (1-5)

3 (1-5)

3 (2-5)

3 (2-5)

<0.001*

APACHE-IV (pts.) – median (IQR)

36 (26-50)

30 (22-45)

35 (25-49)

38 (27-56)

39 (28-55)

40 (28-55)

55 (38-70)

<0.001*

Laboratory values – median (IQR)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

 Maximum lactate day 1 (mmol/l)

2.1 (1.3-3.3)

1.4 (1.0-2.3)

1.4 (1.0-2.3)

1.8 (1.2-2.6)

1.6 (0.9-2.4)

1.4 (0.9-2.5)

1.2 (0.7-2.1)

<0.001*

 First lactate >2mmol/L

51% (55)

24% (27)

27% (17)

40% (74)

32% (76)

32% (72)

27% (3)

<0.001*

 Maximum creatinine day 1 (mg/dL)

0.8 (0.6-0.9)

0.8 (0.6-1.0)

0.8 (0.7-0.9)

0.8 (0.7-1.0)

0.8 (0.7-1.0)

0.9 (0.7-1.1)

1.1 (0.8-1.8)

<0.001*

 Hemoglobin (g/dL)

12.7 (11.7-13.9)

12.3 (11.0-13.6)

12.4 (11.3-13.3)

12.5 (11.3-13.6)

12.4 (11.3-13.5)

12.4 (11.1-13.6)

11.4 (10.3-13.0)

<0.001*

 Platelets G/L

194 (148-245)

225 (176-271)

214 (175-257)

214 (170-260)

209 (174-257)

207 (170-249)

218 (164-256)

<0.001*

 Leucocytes (G/L)

7.5 (5.7-10.0)

8.4 (6.3-11.4)

8.7 (6.8-11.6)

8.8 (6.5-11.6)

8.5 (6.5-11.4)

9.5 (7.1-12.9)

9.5 (6.6-11.3)

<0.001*

Intensive care measures

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

 Mechanical ventilation

27% (140)

13% (61)

25% (77)

25% (197)

30% (375)

30% (262)

11% (6)

<0.001*

 Vasopressor use

2% (8)

3% (15)

5% (14)

6% (50)

5% (62)

5% (39)

17% (9)

<0.001*

 Dialysis (first 3 days)

2% (3)

5% (5)

6% (5)

5% (10)

1% (5)

3% (6)

13% (2)

0.035*

Outcome

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

 AKI

4% (8)

1% (3)

1% (2)

2% (6)

3% (16)

3% (13)

3% (1)

0.49

 LOS (hours)

24 (15-41)

29 (19-43)

31 (19-45)

28 (17-48)

30 (18-48)

27 (17-47)

34 (23-49)

<0.001

 LOS >7 days

2% (12)

2% (8)

4% (12)

3% (21)

3% (34)

3% (22)

4% (2)

0.61

 ICU mortality

0% (0)

1% (3)

1% (2)

1% (6)

0% (6)

0% (4)

0% (0)

0.62

 Hospital mortality

0% (0)

1% (5)

1% (2)

1% (6)

1% (8)

1% (11)

0% (0)

0.22

  1. Legend: Comparison of general characteristics, laboratory values, intensive care measures and outcome parameters between different substance categories in intoxicated patients. Abbreviations: AKI Acute kidney injury; antidepr.: antidepressants, APACHE IV Acute Physiology And Chronic Health Evaluation, BMI Body mass index, ICU Intensive care unit, LOS Length of stay, SOFA Sequential organ failure assessment, WHO World health organization; (1) ethanol, methanol, ethylene glycol; (2) aspirin, acetaminophen; (3) tricyclic antidepressants, lithium; (4) other toxin/poison/drug; (5) including hypnotics, antipsychotics & benzodiazepines; (6) opiates, cocaine, amphetamine; (7) i.e., beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, etc.; *: statistically significant
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