|
Characteristics
|
The Group of 2015 (N=1260)
|
The Group of 2020 (N=979)
|
P value
|
|---|
|
Age (year), mean ± SD
|
68.5±16.6
|
67.7±15.9
|
0.280
|
|
Female sex, n (%)
|
477(37.9)
|
350(35.8)
|
0.327
|
|
Location of cardiac arrest, n
| | | |
|
Home
|
1035(82.1)
|
742(75.8)
|
<0.001
|
|
Public space
|
166(13.2)
|
187(19.1)
|
0.080
|
|
Other
|
59(4.7)
|
50(5.1)
|
0.718
|
|
EMS care interval, min
| | | |
|
Response time
|
6.7±3.3
|
7.2±2.8
|
<0.001
|
|
Scene time
|
10.7±6.4
|
13.5±4.7
|
<0.001
|
|
Transport time
|
7.4±5.4
|
7.8±5.1
|
0.06
|
|
Initial rhythm
| | | |
|
VF/VT
|
114(9.0)
|
95(9.7)
|
0.597
|
|
PEA
|
256(20.3)
|
198(20.2)
|
0.956
|
|
Asystole
|
672(53.3)
|
511(52.2)
|
0.590
|
|
Other or unknown
|
33(2.6)
|
42(4.3)
|
0.029
|
|
Not recorded
|
185(14.7)
|
133(13.6)
|
0.462
|
|
Advanced airway by EMS
| | | |
|
Laryngeal mask airway
|
1040(82.5)
|
709(72.4)
|
<0.001
|
|
Endotracheal intubation
|
2(0.2)
|
22(2.2)
|
<0.001
|
|
Epinephrine use by EMS
|
60(4.8)
|
180(18.4)
|
<0.001
|
|
Cardiac arrest witnessed by
| | | |
|
Bystander
|
691(54.8)
|
374(38.2)
|
<0.001
|
|
EMS/first responder
|
70(5.6)
|
68(6.9)
|
0.175
|
|
Defibrillation before transport
|
124(9.8)
|
150(15.3)
|
<0.001
|
|
Bystander CPR
|
356(28.3)
|
477(48.7)
|
lt;0.001
|
- SD standard deviation, EMS emergency medical service, VF ventricular fibrillation, VT ventricular tachycardia, PEA pulseless electrical activity, CPR cardiopulmonary resuscitation
- Definition: response time, from emergency calls to ambulance arrival at the scene; scene time, between ambulance arrival and departure from the scene; transport time, from scene departure to hospital arrival
