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Table 2 Comparison between patients with a positive and a negative delta SI. Results were expressed as mean and standard deviation for quantitative parameters (normal distribution), as median and interquartile range for quantitative parameters (non-gaussian distribution) and, as absolute value and percentage for qualitative parameters. P-value corresponds to the comparison between deceased and living patients

From: Association between prehospital shock index variation and 28-day mortality among patients with septic shock

 

Positive SI (n = 249)

Negative SI (n = 157)

p value

Demographics

  Age (years)

70 ± 15

68 ± 16

0.247

  Hypertension

102 (41%)

64 (41%)

0.968

  Chronic cardiac failure

33 (13%)

36 (23%)

0.012

  Diabetes Mellitus

68 (27%)

38 (24%)

0.488

  Cancer history

88 (35%)

56 (36%)

0.946

  COPD

30 (12%)

25 (16%)

0.268

  Chronic Renal Failure

32 (13%)

20 (13%)

0.974

Prehospital initial values

  Initial SBP (mmHg)

91 ± 26

115 ± 31

 < 10–3

  Initial DBP (mmHg)

53 ± 17

69 ± 21

 < 10–3

  Initial MBP (mmHg)

65 ± 19

83 ± 22

 < 10–3

  Initial HR (beats.min−1)

117 ± 28

106 ± 27

10–4

  Initial RR (movements.min−1)

28 [22-36]

31 [24-40]

0.135

  Initial pulse oximetry (%)

93 [88 – 97]

92 [84 – 96]

0.139

  Initial body core temperature (°C)

38.5 [37.0 – 39.4]

38.4 [37.0 – 39.3]

0.707

  Initial Glasgow coma scale

15 [13-15]

15 [14-15]

0.168

  Initial blood lactate (mmol.l−1)

6.0 ± 3.6

6.8 ± 4.0

0.212

  Fluid expansion (ml)

750 [500 – 1250]

500 [500 – 1000]

 < 10–3

  Fluid expansion / body weight (ml.kg−1)

16 ± 11

12 ± 7

10–4

  Norepinephrine administration

75 (30%)

25 (16%)

10–3

  Norepinephrine dose (mg.h−1)

1.0 [0.6 – 2.0]

1.0 [0.5 – 2.0]

0.676

  Prehospital AB administration

80 (32%)

34 (22%)

0.023

  Prehospital duration (min)

70 ± 31

56 ± 30

 < 10–3

Prehospital final values

  Final SBP (mmHg)

110 ± 25

92 ± 25

 < 10–3

  Final DBP (mmHg)

63 ± 19

54 ± 16

 < 10–3

  Final MBP (mmHg)

78 ± 20

67 ± 18

 < 10–3

  Final HR (beats.min−1)

104 ± 25

110 ± 26

0.010

  Final RR (movements.min−1)

24 [19-32]

28 [21-35]

0.022

  Final pulse oximetry (%)

97 [95 – 99]

97 [93 – 99]

0.198

  Final body core temperature (°C)

38.2 [36.9 – 39.0]

38.1 [37.0 – 39.0]

0.900

  Final Glasgow coma scale

15 [14-15]

15 [14-15]

0.149

  Final blood lactate (mmol.l−1)

4.4 ± 3.6

4.5 ± 3.7

0.823

  Delta blood lactate (mmol.l−1)

1.1 ± 2.8

1.3 ± 2.7

0.659

  Positive delta blood lactate

81 (32%)

34 (22%)

0.994

  Negative delta blood lactate

37 (15%)

17 (11%)

0.708

Hospital parameters

  SOFA score

7 [4-10]

8 [2-10]

0.501

  SAPS2 score

56 ± 21

61 ± 23

0.115

  In-ICU length of stay (days)

5 [3-8]

4 [2-9]

0.326

  In-hospital length of stay (days)

12 [7-20]

11 [6-20]

0.258

  1. SBP Systolic blood pressure, DBP Diastolic blood pressure, MBP Mean blood pressure, HR Heart rate, RR Respiratory rate, SI Shock index, ICU Intensive care unit, SOFA Sequential organ failure assessment, SAPS2 = simplified acute physiology score 2nd version, COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, AB = antibiotic therapy, min = minutes, negative delta SI = Initial SI—Final SI < 0, positive delta SI = Initial SI—Final SI > 0, delta Lactate = Lactate SI—Lactate SI, negative delta Lactate = Initial Lactate—Final Lactate < 0, positive delta Lactate = Initial Lactate—Final Lactate > 0.
  2. Values in bold indicate a p-value < 0.05