Table 1 Categories of basic and advanced interventions used in this study

Basic

  ▪Chest compressions

  ▪Establish intravenous access

  ▪Establish intraosseous access

  ▪ECG

  ▪Blood glucose measurement and management

  ▪Prehospital thrombolysis

  ▪Treatment of seizures and overdoses

  ▪Stabilize and splint fractures

  ▪Stop external bleeding with compression, elevation, packing, and/or tourniquet

  ▪Pain treatment

  ▪Immobilization of trauma patient using a splinting device (e.g. SAM sling)

  ▪Use of other drugs available in the ground ambulance service/GP (cyklokapron, amiodarone, furosemide, Solu-Cortef, ondansetron, nitroglycerine, acetylsalicylic acid)

Advanced

  ▪Intubation/tracheostomy

  ▪Mechanical ventilation

  ▪Thoracostomy/chest drain

  ▪Chest compression device

  ▪External cardiac pacing

  ▪Anesthesia

  ▪Central venous or arterial cannulation

  ▪Blood products

  ▪Use of ultrasound or nerve blocks

  ▪Use of other drugs not available for the ambulance/GP

(ketamine, fentanyl, and suxamethonium chloride)