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Table 2 Pain and anxiety levels before and after the VR simulation. Median (IQR) if not mentioned otherwise

From: Virtual Reality for Pain Relief in the Emergency Room (VIPER) – a prospective, interventional feasibility study

 

Pre

  

Post

   
 

N

Result

 

N

Result

 

P-value

Pain level, [NRS 0–10]

52

4.5

(3–7)

50

3

(2–5)

 < 0.001

Anxiety level, [NRS 0–10]

52

4

(2–5)

49

2

(0–3)

 < 0.001

PROMIS anxiety total, scores ranging from 8–40

51

14

(11–21)

49

8

(8–11)

 < 0.001

Pain bearable, n (%)

52

45

(86.5)

48

46

(95.8)

0.125

  1. Abbreviations: IQR Interquartile range, med Median, PROMIS Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System