Table 1 Echo – US protocol findings in each type of shock for typical cases
Distributive | Hypovolemic | Cardiogenic | Obstructive | Mixed distributive cardiogenic | Mixed distributive obstructive | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Echo | ||||||
VTI Aorta | ≥ 18 cm | < 18 | < 18 | < 18 | Variable | Variable |
LV systolic function | Hyper dynamic/ Normal | Hyper dynamic | Reduced | Hyper dynamic | Reduced | Hyper dynamic |
IVC | Small | Small | Large | Large | Variable | Variable |
CI ≥50% | CI ≥50% | CI < 50%DI < 1 | CI < 50% | |||
DI ≥18% | DI ≥18% | 8% | DI < 18% | |||
Pulmonary embolism | NO | NO | NO | YES | NO | YES |
Valves | Vegetation | Normal | Stenosis / Regurgitation | TR in PE | Stenosis /Regurgitation | Normal/ Regurgitation |
Tamponade | NO | NO | NO | YES | NO | YES |
Aorta | Normal | Rupture AAA | Normal | Normal | Normal | Normal |
FAST | ||||||
FAST | Positive / Negative | Positive / Negative | Positive / Negative | Negative | Positive / Negative | Positive / Negative |
CUST | ||||||
DVT | Negative | Negative | Negative | Positive | Negative | Negative |
Lung U/S | ||||||
Pneumothorax | NO | NO | NO | YES | NO | YES |
Pneumonia | YES | NO | NO | NO | YES | YES |
Pulmonary edema | NO | NO | YES | NO | YES /NO | NO |
Pleural effusion | Present/ absent | Absent | Present/ Absent | Absent | Present/ Absent | Present/ Absent |
IJV | ||||||
IJV | Small / at neck root | Small / at neck root | Large/ At angle of mandible | Large/ At angle of mandible | Variable | Variable |