Variable | Category | Crude | Univariable, unadjusted n = 553 | Multivariable, adjusted** n = 514 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n = 553 | |||||||||
n* | % dead | P-value | OR | 95%CI | P-value | OR | 95%CI | ||
Keywords related to medical history | |||||||||
Fever or suspected fever | 0.384 | ||||||||
yes | 22/404 | 5.4 | 0.585 | 0.8 | 0.4–1.8 | - | - | - | |
no | 9/134 | 6.7 | Ref | Ref | Ref | - | Ref | - | |
inability to answer | 2/14 | 14.3 | 0.317 | 2.3 | 0.5–12.0 | - | - | - | |
Pain | < 0.001 | 0.079 | |||||||
yes | 9/256 | 3.5 | 0.157 | 0.6 | 0.2–1.3 | 0.367 | 0.7 | 0.3–1.6 | |
no | 17/274 | 6.2 | Ref | Ref | Ref | - | Ref | - | |
inability to answer | 7/21 | 33.3 | 0.000 | 7.6 | 2.7–21.2 | 0.059 | 5.4 | 0.9–31.5 | |
Acute altered mental status | 0.520 | ||||||||
yes | 18/328 | 5.5 | 0.713 | 0.9 | 0.4–1.8 | - | - | - | |
no | 13/208 | 6.3 | Ref | Ref | Ref | - | Ref | - | |
inability to answer | 2/16 | 12.5 | 0.346 | 2.1 | 0.4–10.4 | - | - | - | |
Weakness of the legs | 0.079 | ||||||||
yes | 24/420 | 5.7 | 0.646 | 1.3 | 0.5–3.4 | - | - | - | |
no | 5/109 | 4.6 | Ref | Ref | Ref | - | Ref | - | |
inability to answer | 4/23 | 17.4 | 0.039 | 4.4 | 1.1–17.8 | - | - | - | |
Breathing difficulties | 0.910 | ||||||||
yes | 18/280 | 6.4 | 0.681 | 1.2 | 0.6–2.4 | - | - | - | |
no | 14/251 | 5.6 | Ref | Ref | Ref | - | Ref | - | |
inability to answer | 1/19 | 5.3 | 0.954 | 0.9 | 0.1–7.6 | - | - | - | |
Loss of energy | 0.213 | ||||||||
yes | 27/491 | 5.5 | 0.471 | 0.7 | 0.2–2.0 | - | - | - | |
no | 4/50 | 8.0 | Ref | Ref | Ref | - | Ref | - | |
inability to answer | 2/11 | 18.2 | 0.318 | 2.6 | 0.4–16.1 | - | - | - | |
Gastrointestinal symptoms | 0.025 | 0.836 | |||||||
yes | 11/188 | 5.9 | 0.694 | 1.2 | 0.5–2.6 | 0.558 | 1.3 | 0.6–3.0 | |
no | 17/337 | 5.0 | Ref | Ref | Ref | - | Ref | - | |
inability to answer | 5/26 | 19.2 | 0.007 | 4.5 | 1.5–13.3 | 0.822 | 1.2 | 0.2–7.4 | |
Risk factors for sepsis | 0.421 | ||||||||
yes | 15/229 | 6.6 | 0.481 | 1.3 | 0.6–2.7 | - | - | - | |
no | 15/294 | 5.1 | Ref | Ref | Ref | - | Ref | - | |
inability to answer | 3/27 | 11.1 | 0.206 | 2.3 | 0.6–8.6 | - | - | - | |
Vital signs | |||||||||
Respiratory rate, > 24 breaths/min | |||||||||
yes | 14/189 | 7.4 | 0.317 | 1.4 | 0.7–2.9 | - | - | - | |
no | 19/361 | 5.3 | Ref | Ref | Ref | - | Ref | - | |
Oxygen saturation < 94% | |||||||||
yes | 22/232 | 9.5 | 0.005 | 2.9 | 1.4–6.2 | 0.150 | 1.9 | 0.8–4.4 | |
no | 11/319 | 3.4 | Ref | Ref | Ref | - | Ref | - | |
Heart rate > 110 beats/min | |||||||||
yes | 11/106 | 10.4 | 0.038 | 2.2 | 1.0–4.8 | 0.204 | 1.7 | 0.7–4.1 | |
no | 22/446 | 4.9 | Ref | Ref | Ref | - | Ref | - | |
Systolic blood pressure ≤ 100 mmHg | |||||||||
yes | 6/54 | 11.1 | 0.103 | 2.2 | 0.9–5.5 | - | - | - | |
no | 27/496 | 5.4 | Ref | Ref | Ref | - | Ref | - | |
Level of consciousness, GCS < 15 | |||||||||
yes | 12/115 | 10.4 | 0.021 | 2.4 | 1.1–5.2 | 0.738 | 1.2 | 0.5–2.8 | |
no | 19/416 | 4.6 | Ref | Ref | Ref | - | Ref | - | |
Temperature, °C | 0.135 | ||||||||
≤ 38.0 | yes | 18/235 | 7.7 | Ref | Ref | Ref | - | Ref | - |
38.1–38.5 | yes | 1/91 | 1.1 | 0.052 | 0.1 | 0.0–1.0 | - | - | - |
> 38.5 | yes | 13/223 | 5.8 | 0.437 | 0.7 | 0.4–1.6 | - | - | - |
Blood tests | |||||||||
P-Glucose > 6.5 mmol/L | |||||||||
yes | 25/410 | 6.1 | 0.571 | 0.8 | 0.3–1.8 | - | - | - | |
no | 8/105 | 7.6 | Ref | Ref | Ref | - | Ref | - | |
P-Lactate, mmol/L | 0.165 | - | |||||||
≤ 2.0 | yes | 19/340 | 5.6 | Ref | Ref | Ref | - | Ref | |
2.1–4.0 | yes | 8/160 | 5.0 | 0.786 | 0.9 | 0.4–2.6 | - | - | - |
> 4.0 | yes | 5/38 | 13.2 | 0.079 | 2.6 | 0.9–7.3 | - | - | - |
P-suPAR, ng/mL | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |||||||
< 4.0 | yes | 1/184 | 0.5 | Ref | Ref | Ref | - | Ref | - |
4.0–7.9 | yes | 14/263 | 5.3 | 0.025 | 10.3 | 1.3–78.9 | 0.088 | 6.1 | 0.8–49.0 |
≥ 8.0 | yes | 18/93 | 19.4 | < 0.001 | 43.9 | 5.8–334.9 | 0.002 | 25.4 | 3.2–199.8 |
P-HBP ≥ 15.0 ng/mL | |||||||||
yes | 20/235 | 8.5 | 0.060 | 2.0 | 1.0–4.1 | - | - | - | |
no | 13/292 | 4.5 | Ref | Ref | Ref | - | Ref | - | |
Demographic variables | |||||||||
Age ≥ 65 years | |||||||||
yes | 31/476 | 6.5 | 0.194 | 2.6 | 0.6–11.1 | - | - | - | |
no | 2/77 | 2.6 | Ref | Ref | Ref | - | Ref | - | |
Gender, male | |||||||||
yes | 20/331 | 6.0 | 0.928 | 1.0 | 0.5–2.1 | - | - | - | |
no | 13/222 | 5.9 | Ref | Ref | Ref | - | Ref | - | |
Charlson comorbidity score ≥ 5 points | |||||||||
yes | 11/87 | 12.6 | 0.006 | 2.9 | 1.4–6.3 | 0.110 | 2.0 | 0.9–4.7 | |
no | 22/466 | 4.7 | Ref | Ref | Ref | - | Ref | - |