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Table 3 Association between 21 variables and in-hospital mortality among 318 ambulance patients without infection

From: Association between variables measured in the ambulance and in-hospital mortality among adult patients with and without infection: a prospective cohort study

Variable

Category

Crude

Univariable, unadjusted

Multivariable, adjusted**

  

n = 318

n = 318

n = 313

  

n*

% dead

P-value

OR

95%CI

P-value

OR

95%CI

Keywords related to medical history

Fever or suspected fever

   

0.972

     
 

yes

1/31

3.2

0.812

1.3

0.2–10.9

-

-

-

 

no

7/279

2.5

Ref

Ref

Ref

-

Ref

-

 

inability to answer

0/6

0.0

1.000

0.0

0.0-

-

-

-

Pain

   

0.881

     
 

yes

3/145

2.1

0.614

0.7

0.2–2.9

-

-

-

 

no

5/168

3.0

Ref

Ref

Ref

-

Ref

-

 

inability to answer

0/2

0.0

1.000

0.0

0.0-

-

-

-

Acute altered mental status

   

0.985

     
 

yes

2/70

2.9

0.860

1.2

0.2–5.9

-

-

-

 

no

6/242

2.5

Ref

Ref

Ref

-

Ref

-

 

inability to answer

0/4

0.0

1.000

0.0

0.0-

-

-

-

Weakness of the legs

   

0.631

     
 

yes

4/105

3.8

0.338

2.0

0.5–8.1

-

-

-

 

no

4/205

2.0

Ref

Ref

Ref

-

Ref

-

 

inability to answer

0/6

0.0

1.000

0.0

0.0-

-

-

-

Breathing difficulties

   

0.986

     
 

yes

2/70

2.9

0.868

1.1

0.2–5.8

-

-

-

 

no

6/240

2.5

Ref

Ref

Ref

-

Ref

-

 

inability to answer

0/5

0.0

1.000

0.0

0.0-

-

-

-

Loss of energy

   

0.457

     
 

yes

6/162

3.7

0.211

2.8

0.6–14.1

-

-

-

 

no

2/148

1.4

Ref

Ref

Ref

-

Ref

-

 

inability to answer

0/5

0.0

1.000

0.0

0.0-

-

-

-

Gastrointestinal symptoms

   

0.968

     
 

yes

2/67

3.0

0.798

1.2

0.2–6.3

-

-

-

 

no

6/247

2.4

Ref

Ref

Ref

-

Ref

-

 

inability to answer

0/2

0.0

1.000

0.0

0.0-

-

-

-

Risk factors for sepsis

   

0.986

     
 

yes

1/33

3.0

0.869

1.2

0.1–10.0

-

-

-

 

no

7/275

2.5

Ref

Ref

Ref

-

Ref

-

 

inability to answer

0/7

0.0

1.000

0.0

0.0-

-

-

-

Vital signs

Respiratory rate > 24 breaths/min

 

yes

1/23

4.3

0.573

1.9

0.2–15.7

-

-

-

 

no

7/292

2.4

Ref

Ref

Ref

-

Ref

-

Oxygen saturation < 94%

 

yes

2/34

5.9

0.207

2.9

0.6–14.8

-

-

-

 

no

6/282

2.1

Ref

Ref

Ref

-

Ref

-

Heart rate > 110 beats/min

 

yes

1/29

3.4

0.743

1.4

0.2–12.0

-

-

-

 

no

7/287

2.4

Ref

Ref

Ref

-

Ref

-

Systolic blood pressure ≤ 100 mmHg

 

yes

1/12

8.3

0.225

3.9

0.4–34.1

-

-

-

 

no

7/304

2.3

Ref

Ref

Ref

-

Ref

-

Level of consciousness, GCS < 15

 

yes

0/19

0.0

1.000

0.0

0.0-

-

-

-

 

no

8/289

2.8

Ref

Ref

Ref

-

Ref

-

Temperature, °C

   

1.000

     

 ≤ 38.0

yes

8/312

2.6

Ref

Ref

Ref

-

Ref

-

38.1–38.5

yes

0/3

0.0

1.000

0.0

0.0-

-

-

-

 > 38.5

yes

0/1

0.0

1.000

0.0

0.0-

-

-

-

Blood tests

P-Glucose > 6.5 mmol/L

 

yes

7/188

3.7

1.000

62,476,921.4

0.0-

-

-

-

 

no

0/108

0.0

Ref

Ref

Ref

-

Ref

-

P-Lactate, mmol/L

   

0.410

    

-

 ≤ 2.0

yes

3/206

1,5

Ref

Ref

Ref

-

Ref

 

2.1–4.0

yes

3/87

3.4

0.286

2.4

0.5–12.2

-

-

-

 > 4.0

yes

1/19

5.3

0.262

3.8

0.4–38.0

-

-

-

P-suPAR, ng/mL

   

 < 0.001

  

0.003

  

 < 4.0

yes

1/192

0.5

Ref

Ref

Ref

-

Ref

-

4.0–7.9

yes

3/110

2.7

0.148

5.4

0.6–52.1

0.179

4.9

0.5–49.0

 ≥ 8.0

yes

3/11

27.3

 < 0.001

71.6

6.7–767.1

0.002

56.1

4.5–700.0

P-HBP ≥ 15.0 ng/mL

 

yes

2/44

4.5

0.288

2.5

0.5–13.2

-

-

-

 

no

5/265

1.9

Ref

Ref

Ref

-

Ref

-

Demographic variables

Age ≥ 65 years

 

yes

7/220

3.2

0.281

3.2

0.4–26.3

-

-

-

 

no

1/98

1.0

Ref

Ref

Ref

-

Ref

-

Gender, male

 

yes

4/169

2.4

0.857

0.9

0.2–3.6

-

-

-

 

no

4/149

2.7

Ref

Ref

Ref

-

Ref

-

Charlson comorbidity score ≥ 5 points

 

yes

2/17

11.8

0.028

6.6

1.2–35.3

0.540

1.9

0.3–13.5

 

no

6/301

2.0

Ref

Ref

Ref

-

Ref

-

  1. OR = Odds Ratio, CI = Confidence Interval, Ref = Reference, GCS = Glasgow Coma Scale, °C = degrees Celsius, suPAR = soluble urokinase Plasminogen Activating Receptor, HBP = Heparin Binding Protein
  2. *of patients with documentation of the variable
  3. **Adjusted for all factors that were significant in the univariable analysis
  4. Bold numbers indicate an in-hospital mortality rate equal to or exceeding 10% and significant P-values, respectively