Variable | Category | Crude | Univariable, unadjusted | Multivariable, adjusted** | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n = 242 | n = 242 | n = 231 | |||||||
n* | % dead | P-value | OR | 95%CI | P-value | OR | 95%CI | ||
Keywords related to medical history | |||||||||
Fever or suspected fever | 0.507 | ||||||||
yes | 17/187 | 9.1 | 0.540 | 0.7 | 0.3–2.0 | - | - | - | |
no | 6/49 | 12.2 | Ref | Ref | Ref | - | Ref | - | |
inability to answer | 2/10 | 20.0 | 0.518 | 1.8 | 0.3–10.5 | - | - | - | |
Pain | < 0.001 | 0.006 | |||||||
yes | 7/108 | 6.5 | 0.434 | 0.7 | 0.3–1.8 | 0.487 | 0.7 | 0.2–2.1 | |
no | 11/119 | 9.2 | Ref | Ref | Ref | - | Ref | - | |
inability to answer | 7/17 | 41.2 | 0.001 | 7.5 | 2.3–24.1 | 0.005 | 13.2 | 2.2–78.9 | |
Acute altered mental status | 0.378 | ||||||||
yes | 14/166 | 8.4 | 0.227 | 0.6 | 0.2–1.4 | - | - | - | |
no | 9/67 | 13.4 | Ref | Ref | Ref | - | Ref | - | |
inability to answer | 2/13 | 15.4 | 0.798 | 1.2 | 0.2–6.6 | - | - | - | |
Weakness of the legs | 0.149 | ||||||||
yes | 18/186 | 9.7 | 0.631 | 1.4 | 0.4–4.9 | - | - | - | |
no | 3/43 | 7.0 | Ref | Ref | Ref | - | Ref | - | |
inability to answer | 4/17 | 23.5 | 0.084 | 4.2 | 0.8–21.6 | - | - | - | |
Breathing difficulties | 0.751 | ||||||||
yes | 16/139 | 11.5 | 0.451 | 1.4 | 0.6–3.4 | - | - | - | |
no | 8/96 | 8.3 | Ref | Ref | Ref | - | Ref | - | |
inability to answer | 1/10 | 10.0 | 0.793 | 1.3 | 0.1–12.1 | - | - | - | |
Loss of energy | 0.214 | ||||||||
yes | 21/223 | 9.4 | 0.701 | 0.7 | 0.2–3.5 | - | - | - | |
no | 2/17 | 11.8 | Ref | Ref | Ref | - | Ref | - | |
inability to answer | 2/6 | 33.3 | 0.276 | 3.5 | 0.4–33.3 | - | - | - | |
Gastrointestinal symptoms | 0.044 | 0.949 | |||||||
yes | 9/100 | 9.0 | 0.891 | 1.1 | 0.4–2.7 | 0.747 | 1.2 | 0.4–3.4 | |
no | 11/128 | 8.6 | Ref | Ref | Ref | - | Ref | - | |
inability to answer | 5/18 | 27.8 | 0.017 | 4.4 | 1.3–14.8 | 0.995 | 1.0 | 0.2–6.4 | |
Risk factors for sepsis | 0.392 | ||||||||
yes | 10/112 | 8.9 | 0.834 | 0.9 | 0.4–2.2 | - | - | - | |
no | 12/119 | 10.1 | Ref | Ref | Ref | - | Ref | - | |
inability to answer | 3/14 | 21.4 | 0.216 | 2.4 | 0.6–10.0 | - | - | - | |
Vital signs | |||||||||
Respiratory rate > 24 breaths/min | |||||||||
yes | 11/111 | 9.9 | 0.931 | 1.0 | 0.4–2.2 | - | - | - | |
no | 14/134 | 10.4 | Ref | Ref | Ref | - | Ref | - | |
Oxygen saturation < 94% % | |||||||||
yes | 19/134 | 14.2 | 0.026 | 3.0 | 1.1–7.7 | 0.112 | 2.4 | 0.8–6.9 | |
no | 6/110 | 5.5 | Ref | Ref | Ref | - | Ref | - | |
Heart rate > 110 beats/min | |||||||||
yes | 8/62 | 12.9 | 0.450 | 1.4 | 0.6–3.5 | - | - | - | |
no | 17/183 | 9.3 | Ref | Ref | Ref | - | Ref | - | |
Systolic blood pressure ≤ 100 mmHg | |||||||||
yes | 5/38 | 13.2 | 0.548 | 1.4 | 0.5–3.9 | - | - | - | |
no | 20/206 | 9.7 | Ref | Ref | Ref | - | Ref | - | |
Level of consciousness, GCS < 15 | |||||||||
yes | 10/78 | 12.8 | 0.363 | 1.5 | 0.6–3.5 | - | - | - | |
no | 14/157 | 8.9 | Ref | Ref | Ref | - | Ref | - | |
Temperature, °C | 0.210 | ||||||||
≤ 38.0 | yes | 13/75 | 17.3 | Ref | Ref | Ref | - | Ref | - |
38.1–38.5 | yes | 0/39 | 0.0 | 0.998 | 0.0 | 0.0- | - | - | - |
> 38.5 | yes | 11/127 | 8.7 | 0.077 | 0.5 | 0.2–1.1 | - | - | - |
Blood tests | |||||||||
P-Glucose > 6.5 mmol/L | |||||||||
yes | 19/185 | 10.3 | 0.336 | 0.6 | 0.2–1.7 | - | - | - | |
no | 6/38 | 15.8 | Ref | Ref | Ref | - | Ref | - | |
P-Lactate, mmol/L | 0.144 | - | |||||||
≤ 2.0 | yes | 11/130 | 8.5 | Ref | Ref | Ref | - | Ref | |
2.1–4.0 | yes | 6/79 | 7.6 | 0.820 | 0.9 | 0.3–2.5 | - | - | - |
> 4.0 | yes | 6/31 | 19.4 | 0.078 | 2.7 | 0.9–7.9 | - | - | - |
P-suPAR, ng/mL | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |||||||
< 4.0 | yes | 1/62 | 1.6 | Ref | Ref | Ref | - | Ref | - |
4.0–7.9 | yes | 8/116 | 6.9 | 0.157 | 4.6 | 0.6–37.4 | 0.511 | 2.1 | 0.2–19.7 |
≥ 8.0 | yes | 15/61 | 24.6 | 0.005 | 19.6 | 2.5–153.6 | 0.009 | 16.1 | 2.0–128.6 |
P-HBP ≥ 15.0 ng/mL | |||||||||
yes | 17/131 | 13.0 | 0.124 | 2.1 | 0.8–5.2 | - | - | - | |
no | 7/103 | 6.8 | Ref | Ref | Ref | - | Ref | - | |
Demographic variables | |||||||||
Age ≥ 65 years | |||||||||
yes | 22/208 | 10.6 | 0.631 | 1.4 | 0.4–4.8 | - | - | - | |
no | 3/38 | 7.9 | Ref | Ref | Ref | - | Ref | - | |
Gender, male | |||||||||
yes | 16/156 | 10.3 | 0.968 | 1.0 | 0.4–2.4 | - | - | - | |
no | 9/90 | 10.0 | Ref | Ref | Ref | - | Ref | - | |
Charlson comorbidity score ≥ 5 points | |||||||||
yes | 8/48 | 16.7 | 0.113 | 2.1 | 0.8–5.2 | - | - | - | |
no | 17/198 | 8.6 | Ref | Ref | Ref | - | Ref | - |