Table 1 Characteristics between the patients categorised by week-1 level of haemoglobin in the primary cohort and propensity score-matched cohort
Before PSM | 1:1 PSM | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hb ≥ 10 | Hb < 10 | SMD | Hb ≥ 10 | Hb < 10 | SMD | ||
n = 3,900 | n = 3,189 | n = 1,685 | n = 1,685 | ||||
Basic characteristics | |||||||
Age, years | 64.6 ± 15.9 | 67.5 ± 16.1 | 0.186 | 68.1 ± 15.6 | 67.2 ± 16.5 | 0.058 | |
Sex (male) | 2656 (68.1%) | 1879 (58.9%) | 0.192 | 1085 (62.5%) | 1085 (62.5%) | < 0.001 | |
Body mass index | 24.6 ± 4.7 | 23.4 ± 4.6 | 0.257 | 23.4 ± 4.6 | 23.5 ± 4.6 | 0.020 | |
Comorbidities | |||||||
Diabetes mellitus | 1200 (30.8%) | 1148 (36%) | 0.111 | 603 (34.7%) | 613 (35.3%) | 0.012 | |
Myocardial infarction | 1283 (32.9%) | 481 (15.1%) | 0.427 | 313 (18%) | 322 (18.5%) | 0.013 | |
Congestive heart failure | 599 (15.4%) | 521 (16.3%) | 0.027 | 309 (17.8%) | 284 (16.4%) | 0.038 | |
Valvular heart disease | 168 (4.3%) | 125 (3.9%) | 0.020 | 4 (0.5%) | 4 (0.5%) | < 0.001 | |
Dementia | 180 (4.6%) | 191 (6%) | 0.061 | 122 (7%) | 109 (6.3%) | 0.030 | |
Cerebrovascular disease | 923 (23.7%) | 563 (17.7%) | 0.149 | 356 (20.5%) | 341 (19.6%) | 0.022 | |
Hemiplegia | 114 (2.9%) | 51 (1.6%) | 0.089 | 38 (2.2%) | 36 (2.1%) | 0.008 | |
Peripheral vascular disease | 230 (5.9%) | 194 (6.1%) | 0.008 | 118 (6.8%) | 118 (6.8%) | < 0.001 | |
Renal disease | 562 (14.4%) | 1209 (37.9%) | 0.555 | 412 (23.7%) | 476 (27.4%) | 0.085 | |
COPD | 261 (6.7%) | 155 (4.9%) | 0.079 | 118 (6.8%) | 98 (5.6%) | 0.048 | |
Lymphoma/leukaemia | 80 (2.1%) | 304 (9.5%) | 0.324 | 74 (4.3%) | 113 (6.5%) | 0.100 | |
Metastatic solid tumour | 475 (12.2%) | 727 (22.8%) | 0.282 | 358 (20.6%) | 369 (21.2%) | 0.016 | |
Rheumatic disease | 126 (3.2%) | 229 (7.2%) | 0.179 | 91 (5.2%) | 94 (5.4%) | 0.008 | |
Peptic ulcer | 303 (7.8%) | 466 (14.6%) | 0.218 | 208 (12%) | 210 (12.1%) | 0.004 | |
Mild liver disease | 322 (8.3%) | 548 (17.2%) | 0.270 | 228 (13.1%) | 264 (15.2%) | 0.059 | |
Moderate or severe liver disease | 74 (1.9%) | 246 (7.7%) | 0.274 | 68 (3.9%) | 102 (5.9%) | 0.091 | |
Severity and managements | |||||||
APACHE II score | 22.4 ± 5.6 | 26.3 ± 6.6 | 0.651 | 24.4 ± 6 | 24.8 ± 6 | 0.067 | |
Presence of sepsis | 371 (9.5%) | 694 (21.8%) | 0.342 | 345 (19.9%) | 345 (19.9%) | < 0.001 | |
Presence of shock | 1462 (37.5%) | 2055 (64.4%) | 0.560 | 1023 (58.9%) | 1023 (58.9%) | < 0.001 | |
Receiving mechanical ventilation | 1435 (36.8%) | 2042 (64%) | 0.566 | 1041 (59.9%) | 1039 (59.8%) | 0.002 | |
Receiving RBC transfusion | 638 (16.4%) | 2432 (76.3%) | 1.503 | 495 (28.5%) | 1213 (69.8%) | 0.908 | |
RBC transfusion (units) | 2.8 ± 1.1 | 2.4 ± 0.9 | 0.409 | 2.9 ± 1.1 | 2.5 ± 1.1 | 0.377 | |
Laboratory data | |||||||
White blood cell count (103/µl) | 10.6 ± 5.3 | 12.6 ± 5.7 | 0.170 | 12.0 ± 6.3 | 12.2 ± 16.2 | 0.016 | |
Platelet (103/µL) | 210.9 ± 87.4 | 159.3 ± 108.9 | 0.523 | 189.2 ± 94.7 | 180.8 ± 117.4 | 0.079 | |
Albumin (mg/dL) | 3.6 ± 0.8 | 2.9 ± 0.7 | 1.063 | 3.1 ± 0.6 | 3.1 ± 0.7 | 0.045 | |
Blood urea nitrogen (mg/dL) | 24.5 ± 18.3 | 48 ± 33.6 | 0.870 | 33.1 ± 23.2 | 38.4 ± 29.8 | 0.195 | |
Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.4 ± 1.6 | 2.9 ± 2.8 | 0.620 | 1.9 ± 2.2 | 2.3 ± 2.6 | 0.139 | |
One-year mortality | 988 (25.3%) | 1867 (58.5%) | 0.715 | 732 (42.1%) | 906 (52.2%) | 0.202 | |