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  1. The COVID-19 pandemic is a major public health problem. Subsequently, emergency medical services (EMS) have anecdotally experienced fluctuations in demand, with reports across Canada of both increased and decr...

    Authors: Richard Ferron, Gina Agarwal, Rhiannon Cooper and Douglas Munkley
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2021 21:39
  2. Dizziness is a relatively common symptom among patients who call for the emergency medical services (EMS).

    Authors: C. Magnusson, J. Gärskog, E. Lökholm, J. Stenström, R. Wetter, C. Axelsson, M. Andersson Hagiwara, N. Packendorff, K. Jood, T. Karlsson and J. Herlitz
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2021 21:38
  3. It is recommended that difficult airway predictors be evaluated before emergency airway management. However, little is known about how patients with difficult airway predictors are managed in emergency departm...

    Authors: Jutamas Saoraya, Komsanti Vongkulbhisal, Norawit Kijpaisalratana, Suthaporn Lumlertgul, Khrongwong Musikatavorn and Atthasit Komindr
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2021 21:37
  4. While COVID-19 has had far-reaching consequences on society and health care providers, there is a paucity of research exploring frontline emergency medicine (EM) provider wellness over the course of a pandemic...

    Authors: Heather Kelker, Kyle Yoder, Paul Musey Jr, Madison Harris, Olivia Johnson, Elisa Sarmiento, Punit Vyas, Brooke Henderson, Zachary Adams and Julie Welch
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2021 21:36
  5. Emergency medical services (EMS) providers are at continuous exposure to occupational stressors which negatively affect their health and professional practice. This study explored perceived occupational stress...

    Authors: Ali Afshari, Seyed Reza Borzou, Farshid Shamsaei, Eesa Mohammadi and Leili Tapak
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2021 21:35
  6. This study analyzed the characteristics of hydrogen fluoride-exposed patients (HFEPs) treated in the emergency department (ED) of a local university hospital, and reviewed the hospital’s disaster response acco...

    Authors: Heejun Shin, Se Kwang Oh, Han You Lee, Heajin Chung, Seong Yong Yoon, Sung Yong Choi and Jae Hyuk Kim
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2021 21:34
  7. Adult emergency department mortality remains high in resource-limited lower-income countries. The majority of deaths occur within the first 24 h of presentation to the emergency department. Many of these morta...

    Authors: Hanna Daniel Yosha, Achamyelesh Tadele, Sisay Teklu and Kidest Getu Melese
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2021 21:33
  8. On October 17, 2018, the Cannabis Act decriminalized the recreational use of cannabis in Canada. This study seeks to determine how legalization of cannabis has impacted emergency department (ED) visits for acu...

    Authors: Robert Baraniecki, Puru Panchal, Danya Deepsee Malhotra, Alexandra Aliferis and Zaka Zia
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2021 21:32
  9. Patients discharged against medical advice (DAMA) act as a high-risk population for the Emergency Department (ED), regardless of their presentations, and can pose a serious burden for the hospital. This study ...

    Authors: Feras H. Abuzeyad, Moonis Farooq, Salah Farhat Alam, Mudhaffar Ismael Ibrahim, Luma Bashmi, Shaikha Sami Aljawder, Najeh Ellouze, Abdulla Almusalam, Stephanie Hsu and Priya Das
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2021 21:31
  10. Bloodstream infection (BSI) is a common urgent condition at the emergency department (ED). However, current guidelines for diagnosis do not specify the juncture at which blood cultures should be taken. The dec...

    Authors: Pariwat Phungoen, Nunchalit Lerdprawat, Kittisak Sawanyawisuth, Verajit Chotmongkol, Kamonwon Ienghong, Sumana Sumritrin and Korakot Apiratwarakul
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2021 21:30
  11. The number of operations by the German emergency medical service almost doubled between 1994 and 2016. The associated expenses increased by 380% in a similar period. Operations with treatment on-site, which re...

    Authors: Marc S. Schehadat, Guido Scherer, David A. Groneberg, Manfred Kaps and Michael H. K. Bendels
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2021 21:29
  12. Spinal injuries are present in 16–31% of polytraumatized patients. Rapid identification of spinal injuries requiring immobilization or operative treatment is essential. The Lodox-Statscan (LS) has evolved into...

    Authors: Sonja Häckel, Elena Hofmann, Helen Anwander, Christoph E. Albers, Jasmin Basedow, Sebastian F. Bigdon, Aristomenis K. Exadaktylos, Marius J. B. Keel, Robert N. Dunn, Sithombo Maqungo, Lorin M. Benneker, Michael Held and Sven Hoppe
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2021 21:27
  13. Sudden cardiac death remains a leading cause of mortality in Canada, resulting in more than 35,000 deaths annually. Most cardiac arrest victims collapse in their own home (85% of the time) and 50% are witnesse...

    Authors: Christian Vaillancourt, Manya Charette, Sarika Naidoo, Monica Taljaard, Matthew Church, Stephanie Hodges, Shannon Leduc, Jim Christenson, Sheldon Cheskes, Katie Dainty, Michael Feldman, Judah Goldstein, John Tallon, Jennie Helmer, Aaron Sibley, Matthew Spidel…
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2021 21:26
  14. We sought to describe the national characteristics of ED visits by patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in the United States in order to improve the emergency treatment and screening of ESRD patients.

    Authors: Ningyuan Wang, Jiao Pei, Hui Fan, Yaseen Ali, Anna Prushinskaya, Jian Zhao and Xingyu Zhang
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2021 21:25
  15. Neutrophil-lymphocyte count ratio (NLCR) has been reported as better indicator of bacteremia than procalcitonin (PCT), and more precise predictor of mortality than C-reactive protein (CRP) under various medica...

    Authors: Tao Zhou, Nan Zheng, Xiang Li, Dongmei Zhu and Yi Han
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2021 21:24
  16. Kurdistan province of Iran is among disaster prone areas of the country. The Primary Health Care facilities in Iran deliver health services at all levels nationwide. Resiliency and flexibility of such faciliti...

    Authors: Arezoo Yari, Yadolah Zarezadeh, Farin Fatemi, Ali Ardalan, Siamak Vahedi, Homa Yousefi-Khoshsabeghe, Mohsen Soufi Boubakran, Farzam Bidarpoor and Mohamad Esmaeil Motlagh
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2021 21:23
  17. Noise levels are monitored in call centres. A maximum of 52 to 55 dB(A) is recommended in order to prevent adverse events. We aimed at assessing the noise level and the impact of a visual noise indicator on th...

    Authors: Justin Outrey, Jean-Baptiste Pretalli, Sophie Pujol, Alice Brembilla, Thibaut Desmettre, Christophe Lambert, Jean-Marc Labourey, Frédéric Mauny and Abdo Khoury
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2021 21:22
  18. Emergency Department crowding is associated with increased morbidity and mortality but no measure of crowding has been validated in Sweden. We have previously derived and internally validated the Skåne Emergen...

    Authors: Jens Wretborn, HÃ¥kan Starkenberg, Thoralph Ruge, Daniel B. Wilhelms and Ulf Ekelund
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2021 21:21

    The Correction to this article has been published in BMC Emergency Medicine 2021 21:49

  19. Becoming critically ill represents not just a great upheaval for the patient in question, but also for the patient’s closest family. In recent years, there has been a change in how the quality of the public he...

    Authors: Randi Olsson Haave, Hilde Hammerud Bakke and Agneta Schröder
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2021 21:20
  20. A lack of follow-up of violence incidents and assaulted staff has been associated with high levels of workplace violence. There is a paucity of literature on the barriers, enablers and opportunities for organi...

    Authors: Brodie Thomas, Anthony McGillion, Kristina Edvardsson, Peter O’Meara, Julia Van Vuuren and Evelien Spelten
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2021 21:19
  21. Mechanical chest compression (mCPR) offers advantages during transport under cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Little is known how devices of different design perform en-route. Aim of the study was to measure per...

    Authors: Maximilian Jörgens, Jürgen Königer, Karl-Georg Kanz, Torsten Birkholz, Heiko Hübner, Stephan Prückner, Bernhard Zwissler and Heiko Trentzsch
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2021 21:18
  22. Long-term prescription of opioids by healthcare professionals has been linked to poor individual patient outcomes and high resource utilization. Supportive strategies in this population regarding acute healthc...

    Authors: Jean Deschamps, James Gilbertson, Sebastian Straube, Kathryn Dong, Frank P. MacMaster, Christina Korownyk, Lori Montgomery, Ryan Mahaffey, James Downar, Hance Clarke, John Muscedere, Katherine Rittenbach, Robin Featherstone, Meghan Sebastianski, Ben Vandermeer, Deborah Lynam…
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2021 21:17
  23. Existing scoring systems to predict mortality in acute pancreatitis may not be directly applicable to the emergency department (ED). The objective of this study was to derive and validate the ED-SAS, a simple ...

    Authors: Joseph Miller, Yiyang Wu, Rawan Safa, Georgiana Marusca, Sandeep Bhatti, Guneet Ahluwalia, Jad Dandashi, Harold Gomez Acevedo, Naureen Farook, Ashley Scott, Vidhya Nair, Angie Adhami, Jeffrey Dueweke, Sudarshan Hebbar and Leeland Ekstrom
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2021 21:16
  24. Early warning systems (EWSs) are used to assist clinical judgment in the detection of acute deterioration to avoid or reduce adverse events including unanticipated cardiopulmonary arrest, admission to the inte...

    Authors: S. M. O’Neill, B. Clyne, M. Bell, A. Casey, B. Leen, S. M. Smith, M. Ryan and M. O’Neill
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2021 21:15
  25. Acute Heart Failure (AHF) is a common condition that often presents with acute respiratory distress and requires urgent medical evaluation and treatment. Arterial hypercapnia is common in AHF and has been asso...

    Authors: Mathias Fabre, Christophe A. Fehlmann, Birgit Gartner, Catherine G. Zimmermann-Ivoll, Florian Rey, François Sarasin and Laurent Suppan
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2021 21:14
  26. Standard prehospital management for Acute respiratory failure (ARF) involves controlled oxygen therapy. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is a potentially beneficial alternative treatment, however, it...

    Authors: Praveen Thokala, Gordon W. Fuller, Steve Goodacre, Samuel Keating, Esther Herbert, Gavin D. Perkins, Andy Rosser, Imogen Gunson, Joshua Miller, Matthew Ward, Mike Bradburn, Tim Harris, Maggie Marsh, Kate Ren and Cindy Cooper
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2021 21:13
  27. Failed airway management is the major contributor for anaesthesia-related morbidity and mortality. Cannot-intubate-cannot-ventilate scenarios are the most critical emergency in airway management, and belong to th...

    Authors: H. Herff, W. A. Wetsch, S. Finke, F. Dusse, T. Mitterlechner, P. Paal, V. Wenzel and D. C. Schroeder
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2021 21:12
  28. Having to work in unpredictable and critical conditions, emergency care services (EMS) personnel experience complicated situations at the scene of accidents which, inevitably, influence their clinical decision...

    Authors: Mostafa Bijani, Saeed Abedi, Shahnaz Karimi and Banafsheh Tehranineshat
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2021 21:11
  29. A variety of evidence-based algorithms and decision rules using D-Dimer testing have been proposed as instruments to allow physicians to safely rule out a pulmonary embolism (PE) in low-risk patients.

    Authors: Leila Salehi, Prashant Phalpher, Hubert Yu, Jeffrey Jaskolka, Marc Ossip, Christopher Meaney, Rahim Valani and Mathew Mercuri
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2021 21:10
  30. There were 25.6 million attendances at Emergency Departments (EDs) in England in 2019 corresponding to an increase of 12 million attendances over the past ten years. The steadily rising demand at EDs creates a...

    Authors: Michaela A.C. Vollmer, Ben Glampson, Thomas Mellan, Swapnil Mishra, Luca Mercuri, Ceire Costello, Robert Klaber, Graham Cooke, Seth Flaxman and Samir Bhatt
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2021 21:9
  31. The South African Triage Scale (SATS) is a validated in-hospital triage tool that has been innovatively adopted for use in the prehospital setting by Western Cape Government (WCG) Emergency Medical Services (E...

    Authors: Nee-Kofi Mould-Millman, Julia M. Dixon, Taylor Burkholder, Jennifer L. Pigoga, Michael Lee, Shaheem de Vries, Kubendhren Moodley, Maxene Meier, Kathryn Colborn, Chandni Patel and Lee A. Wallis
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2021 21:8
  32. Carbon monoxide causes electrical, functional, and morphological changes in the heart. It is unclear, however, whether the indicators of myocardial damage can predict the patient’s prognosis after carbon monox...

    Authors: Hitoshi Koga, Hideki Tashiro, Kouta Mukasa, Tomohiro Inoue, Aya Okamoto, Shougo Urabe, Shuuichirou Sagara, Kazumi Yano, Kouhei Onitsuka and Hisashi Yamashita
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2021 21:7
  33. Optimization of preoxygenation procedure can help to secure the method of intubation by reducing the risks of severe hypoxemia and other problems. There is confusion for efficacy of non-invasive ventilation co...

    Authors: Chao Zhang and Min Ou
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2021 21:6

    The Correction to this article has been published in BMC Emergency Medicine 2021 21:46

  34. One goal of Emergency Department (ED) operations is achieving an overall length of stay (LOS) that is less than four hours. The goal of the current study was to assess for association between increasing number...

    Authors: Dominic Jenkins, Sarah A. Thomas, Sameer A. Pathan and Stephen H. Thomas
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2021 21:5
  35. Frequent users of emergency departments (FUEDs) (≥5 ED visits/year) represent a vulnerable population with complex needs accounting for a significant number of emergency department (ED) consultations, thus con...

    Authors: Oriane J. Chastonay, Melissa Lemoine, Véronique S. Grazioli, Marina Canepa Allen, Miriam Kasztura, Joanna C. Moullin, Jean-Bernard Daeppen, Olivier Hugli and Patrick Bodenmann
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2021 21:4
  36. The prognosis of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is very poor. While several prehospital factors are known to be associated with improved survival, the impact of prehospital factors on different age grou...

    Authors: Jyun-Bin Huang, Kuo-Hsin Lee, Yu-Ni Ho, Ming-Ta Tsai, Wei-Ting Wu and Fu-Jen Cheng
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2021 21:3
  37. Many early warning scores (EWSs) have been validated to prognosticate adverse outcomes secondary to sepsis in the Emergency Department (ED). These EWSs include the Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome crite...

    Authors: Onlak Ruangsomboon, Phetsinee Boonmee, Chok Limsuwat, Tipa Chakorn and Apichaya Monsomboon
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2021 21:2
  38. The progression of biomarkers over time is considered an indicator of disease progression and helps in the early detection of disease, thereby reducing disease-related mortality. Their ability to predict outco...

    Authors: Jaechul Yoon, Dohern Kym, Jun Hur, Jae Hee Won, Haejun Yim, Yong Suk Cho and Wook Chun
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2021 21:1
  39. The purpose of patient safety is to prevent harm occurring in the healthcare system. Patient safety is improved by the use of a reporting system in which healthcare workers can document and learn from incident...

    Authors: Ahmed I. Albarrak, Ammar S. Almansour, Ali A. Alzahrani, Abdulaziz H. Almalki, Abdulrahman A. Alshehri and Rafiuddin Mohammed
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2020 20:98
  40. Emergency departments (EDs) worldwide have been in the epicentre of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19). However, the impact of the pandemic and national emergency measures on the number of non-COVID-19 p...

    Authors: Jalmari Tuominen, Ville Hällberg, Niku Oksala, Ari Palomäki, Timo Lukkarinen and Antti Roine
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2020 20:97
  41. Typical lung ultrasound (LUS) findings in patients with a COVID-19 infection were reported early on. During the global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, LUS was propagated as a useful instrument in triage and monitoring. W...

    Authors: Bonaventura Schmid, Doreen Feuerstein, Corinna N. Lang, Katrin Fink, Rebecca Steger, Marina Rieder, Daniel Duerschmied, Hans-Jörg Busch and Domagoj Damjanovic
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2020 20:96
  42. The so called ABCDE approach (Airway-Breathing-Circulation-Disability-Exposure) is a golden standard of patient assessment. The efficacy of using cognitive aids (CA) in resuscitation and peri-arrest situations...

    Authors: David Peran, Jiri Kodet, Jaroslav Pekara, Lucie Mala, Anatolij Truhlar, Patrik Christian Cmorej, Kasper Glerup Lauridsen, Ferenc Sari and Roman Sykora
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2020 20:95
  43. Since the vast majority of older adults in Sweden live in their private homes throughout life, the emergency medical services need to adapt accordingly. Hence, we aimed to describe characteristic patterns of d...

    Authors: Anna Hjalmarsson, Mats Holmberg, Margareta Asp, Gunnel Östlund, Kent W. Nilsson and Birgitta Kerstis
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2020 20:94
  44. Prothrombin Complex Concentrates (PCC) are prescribed for emergent warfarin reversal (EWR). The comparative effectiveness and safety among PCC products are not fully understood.

    Authors: David J. Margraf, Scott Seaburg, Gregory J. Beilman, Julian Wolfson, Jonathan C. Gipson and Scott A. Chapman
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2020 20:93
  45. Sudden loss of consciousness (LOC) in the prehospital setting in the absence of cardiac arrest and seizure activity may be a challenge from a dispatcher’s perspective: The aetiology is varied, with many causes...

    Authors: J. Mohindru, J. E. Griggs, R. de Coverly, R. M. Lyon and E. ter Avest
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2020 20:92
  46. In-hospital mortality in trauma patients has decreased recently owing to improved trauma injury prevention systems. However, no study has evaluated the validity of the Trauma and Injury Severity Score (TRISS) ...

    Authors: Chiaki Toida, Takashi Muguruma, Masayasu Gakumazawa, Mafumi Shinohara, Takeru Abe, Ichiro Takeuchi and Naoto Morimura
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2020 20:91
  47. Traffic accidents constitute a common reason for injury. Little is known about long-term outcomes for patients following a traffic accident. Therefore, in this present paper, we examine 1-day, 30-day and 1-yea...

    Authors: Kristian Bundgaard Ringgren, Elisabeth Helen Anna Mills, Erika Frischknecht Christensen, Rikke Nørmark Mortensen, Christian Torp-Pedersen and Kristian Hay Kragholm
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2020 20:90
  48. Dyspnoea is one of the most common reasons for patients contacting emergency medical services (EMS). Pre-hospital Emergency Nurses (PENs) are independently responsible for advanced care and to meet these patie...

    Authors: Wivica Kauppi, Johan Herlitz, Thomas Karlsson, Carl Magnusson, Lina Palmér and Christer Axelsson
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2020 20:89

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